【摘要】：中國古代"事死如事生,事亡如事存"的觀念對墓葬制度產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響,墓葬在一定程度上再現(xiàn)了死者生前的社會關系和社會生活,不同的埋葬方式還反映了當時人們的思想觀念。圍溝墓作為一類較特殊的墓葬形式,最早發(fā)現(xiàn)于山西侯馬喬村,是指一座、兩座或多座墓葬的外圍挖有壕溝的墓葬。侯馬喬村圍溝墓在發(fā)現(xiàn)后,因其隨葬有典型的秦文化陶器,發(fā)現(xiàn)有蜷曲特甚的秦式屈肢葬,而被認為屬戰(zhàn)國晚期秦國東進后的秦人墓葬,是目前兩周時期中、小型圍溝墓中發(fā)現(xiàn)時代最早、集中分布、數(shù)量最多、保存最好者。本文利用文化因素分析法,以數(shù)量統(tǒng)計為根據(jù),重新梳理喬村圍溝墓的屬性,尤其是國屬問題,對于研究晉南地區(qū)晉文化的去向,秦晉文化的相互關系,和當時的社會制度變革有一定意義。文章主要內(nèi)容共五章:第一章為緒論,主要介紹了圍溝墓的發(fā)現(xiàn)概況,本文的研究目的與意義、相關研究背景、研究內(nèi)容與方法等。第二章從圍墓溝的形制與分類、主墓的墓葬結構和隨葬器物三個方面簡要介紹了喬村圍溝墓的有關發(fā)現(xiàn)。第三章為喬村第二期與第三期圍溝墓的對比研究。從時代、分布位置、墓葬形制、頭向與葬式、隨葬器物、殉人等方面進行統(tǒng)計,重點討論了洞室墓、頭向東、屈肢葬、陶器類型、用圭制度、殉人等問題中秦、晉文化的差異,發(fā)現(xiàn)喬村第二期圍溝墓呈現(xiàn)諸多晉文化因素,且在墓葬數(shù)量上占有絕對優(yōu)勢。第四章為喬村圍溝墓與兩周時其他地區(qū)的圍溝墓進行比較。通過考古發(fā)現(xiàn)與文獻記載,發(fā)現(xiàn)圍溝墓并非秦文化所特有的傳統(tǒng),晉、虢、秦、齊、越、魯、韓等國的諸侯國君陵墓中均存在圍溝。而同時期中、小型的圍溝墓卻集中發(fā)現(xiàn)于晉南地區(qū)和三門峽地區(qū),關中和隴東僅見個例,雖然圍溝形態(tài)上有相似之處,但其他地區(qū)圍溝墓在時代上均晚于喬村第二期,且隨葬有典型的秦文化器物,相比之下差異性更加顯著。第五章為結論部分,根據(jù)墓地內(nèi)分期對比和與其他地區(qū)圍溝墓對比,得出喬村圍溝墓第二期屬魏人墓葬,第三期為秦人墓葬的推論。喬村圍溝墓產(chǎn)生原因除了中原地區(qū)也有墓葬圍溝的傳統(tǒng)以外,或與魏國率先變法提倡節(jié)葬、圍溝的使用限制松懈有關,也是戰(zhàn)國中晚期宗法制瓦解,家庭逐漸成為社會主要單位的表現(xiàn)之一。
[Abstract]:In ancient China, the concept of "death as life, death as survival" had a great impact on the burial system. To a certain extent, the grave reappeared the social relations and social life of the deceased before his death. The different ways of burial also reflected the ideas of people at that time. As a special kind of tomb, the garrison tomb was first found in Houmaqiao Village, Shanxi Province. It refers to one, two or more tombs with trenches in the periphery. After the discovery of the Weigou Tomb in Hou Ma Qiao Village, due to the typical Qin cultural pottery and the crouching body of Qin style, the tomb of Qin people was considered to be the tomb of Qin people after the eastward advance of the late warring States period, which was the current two-week period. Small enclosure tomb found in the earliest, concentrated distribution, the largest number, the best preservation. Based on the quantitative statistics and the cultural factor analysis, this paper reorganizes the attributes of the tomb around the ditch in Qiaocun, especially the question of national affiliation, and studies the relationship between Qin Jin culture and Jin culture in the south of Shanxi. And the social system changes at that time have certain significance. The main contents of the article are five chapters: the first chapter is the introduction, mainly introduces the general situation of the discovery of the ditch tomb, the purpose and significance of this article, the related research background, the research content and the method and so on. The second chapter briefly introduces the discovery of the tomb around the ditch in Qiaocun from three aspects: the shape and classification of the ditch, the structure of the main tomb and the funerary objects. The third chapter is the comparative study of the second phase and the third phase of the ditch tomb in Qiao Village. From the aspects of age, distribution position, burial form, head direction and burial style, funerary objects, martyrs, etc., the paper mainly discusses the differences of Qin and Jin cultures in the questions of cave tomb, head to east, limb burial, pottery type, using Gui system, martyr, etc. It is found that there are many cultural factors in Jin Dynasty in the second phase of Jiao Village, and it has an absolute advantage in the number of tombs. The fourth chapter is the comparison between Chaocun and other places in two weeks. Through archaeological discoveries and documentary records, it is found that the tomb is not a unique tradition of Qin culture, Jin, Guo, Qin, Qi, Yue, Lu, Han and other countries in the imperial mausoleum are surrounded by ditch. At the same time, the small furrow tombs were found in the southern part of Shanxi and the Sanmenxia area. Only one case was found in Guanzhong and Longdong. Although there are similarities in the shape of the surrounding ditch, other areas were later than the second phase of Qiaocun in the times. And buried with typical Qin cultural artifacts, by contrast, the difference is more significant. The fifth chapter is the conclusion part, according to the graveyard stage contrast and the other area encircles ditch tomb contrast, obtains Qiocun encircles the ditch tomb the second stage to belong to the Wei person tombs, the third period is the Qin people tombs inference. In addition to the tradition of burial trenches in the Central Plains, the causes of the tomb encirclement in Qiaocun were also related to the relaxation of restrictions on the use of the sewer in the early Wei Dynasty, or to the disintegration of the patriarchal system in the middle and late warring States period. The family is gradually becoming one of the main units of society.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K878.8

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