【摘要】：陶俑是墓葬明器中的大宗，，是隨葬品的重要組成部分。先秦兩漢時(shí)期，陶俑已經(jīng)在喪葬活動(dòng)中扮演著重要的角色。北魏墓葬陶俑作為漢唐之際明器的典型代表，不僅繼承和發(fā)展了漢魏以來(lái)的用俑制度的若干因素，并影響了北朝末期乃至隋唐時(shí)期的用俑制度，在古代喪葬制度中具有舉足輕重的地位。 北魏陶俑主要出土于黃河、海河流域的北魏墓葬中，大致分布在今天的寧夏、內(nèi)蒙、陜西、山西、河南、河北、山東7省區(qū)。從北魏時(shí)代的行政區(qū)劃來(lái)看，墓葬陶俑主要集中在以平城為中心的恒州地區(qū)、以洛陽(yáng)為中心的司州地區(qū)，以長(zhǎng)安為中心的雍州地區(qū)、以曲陽(yáng)為中心的定州地區(qū)和以壽光、淄博為中心的青、齊州五個(gè)大的區(qū)域內(nèi)。五大區(qū)域的陶俑經(jīng)過(guò)發(fā)展，逐漸形成了特色鮮明的三大文化系統(tǒng)。 從各地俑群結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看，主要有鎮(zhèn)墓驅(qū)邪的鎮(zhèn)墓俑；儀仗出行俑；宴饗活動(dòng)中的樂(lè)舞俑；娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)中的雜技俑；家居生活中的庖廚炊作俑五大類(lèi)，五類(lèi)陶俑在發(fā)展過(guò)程中也出現(xiàn)了相應(yīng)的變化。 通過(guò)對(duì)22座有絕對(duì)年代墓葬的陶俑進(jìn)行型式分析，從陶俑的演變規(guī)律可將其劃分為三個(gè)發(fā)展階段，而每個(gè)階段均反映出其形成的歷史背景及現(xiàn)實(shí)條件，這些都為深入探討北魏時(shí)期的民族融合、社會(huì)演變、文化交流提供了可靠的依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Terracotta figures are a large number of tombs and an important part of burial objects. The pottery figurines played an important role in funeral activities during the pre-Qin and Han dynasties. As a typical representative of Ming ware in Han and Tang dynasties, the tombs of Northern Wei Dynasty not only inherited and developed some factors of using figurines since the Han and Wei dynasties, but also affected the system of using figurines in the late Northern Dynasty and even the Sui and Tang dynasties. It plays an important role in the ancient funeral system. The pottery figurines of the Northern Wei Dynasty are mainly unearthed in the Northern Wei Dynasty tombs of the Yellow River and the Haihe River basin, and are roughly distributed in the seven provinces of Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei and Shandong. From the administrative divisions of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the tomb pottery figurines were mainly concentrated in Hengzhou area with Pingcheng as the center, Sizhou area with Luoyang as the center, Yongzhou area with Chang'an as the center, Dingzhou area with Quyang as the center and Shouguang with Shouguang. Zibo as the center of the green, Qizhou five large areas. Through the development of the pottery terracotta figures in the five major regions, three cultural systems with distinctive characteristics have been gradually formed. Judging from the structure of the various figurines, there are mainly five categories of figurines used to drive away evil spirits from town tombs; figurines from ceremonial battles; figurines from entertainment activities; acrobatics figurines from entertainment activities; cooking and cooking in household life as figurines. Five types of pottery figurines have also changed in the process of development. Through the type analysis of 22 pottery figurines with absolute age tombs, the terracotta figures can be divided into three development stages according to their evolution law, and each stage reflects the historical background and realistic conditions of their formation. All these provide a reliable basis for further discussion on the national integration, social evolution and cultural exchange in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：暨南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K876.3

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