【摘要】：青銅器作為中國青銅器時(shí)代主體文化的象征,反映著當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)的許多方面,具有重要的歷史價(jià)值,藝術(shù)價(jià)值和科技價(jià)值。銅器器型、紋飾的形成與陶器、玉器有著密不可分的聯(lián)系,其演變和更替與青銅器的制作工藝、統(tǒng)治者的階級(jí)屬性和審美觀念、社會(huì)整體精神面貌的變遷等因素有關(guān),其呈現(xiàn)的古建筑元素風(fēng)格的演變也就意味著當(dāng)時(shí)主要建筑風(fēng)格的演變。青銅器夏商周時(shí)主要用于禮制,禮器類型和數(shù)量最多,其紋飾所包含的神秘的、威嚴(yán)的社會(huì)意義占主導(dǎo)地位。春秋戰(zhàn)國至秦漢時(shí),人們思想不斷解放,社會(huì)生活類紋飾比較流行,臺(tái)榭樓閣類建筑題材的紋飾出現(xiàn),其情節(jié)性、故事性更強(qiáng),同時(shí)由于生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展,器型也變得豐富多彩。青銅器中的建筑元素的分析,不僅讓人們了解當(dāng)時(shí)的思想崇拜,工藝技術(shù),也為人們?cè)谙胂笾辛私猱?dāng)時(shí)的建筑形態(tài)提供直接的依據(jù)。中國古代建筑在唐代以前沒有留下多少實(shí)體的建筑,我們了解早先的建筑形態(tài)只能在現(xiàn)存的文獻(xiàn)和考古建筑遺址及發(fā)現(xiàn)的遺物中得到認(rèn)識(shí)。從商代起,陵寢的建造開始復(fù)雜和大規(guī)橫發(fā)展,隨葬品也漸漸增多。雖然由于等級(jí)的不同而有所差異,但基本上能夠比較全面地反映當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)風(fēng)貌。青銅器作為當(dāng)時(shí)最重要的隨葬品,根據(jù)其出土情況結(jié)合當(dāng)時(shí)的建筑基址顯示,夏代晚期開始,木構(gòu)架成為主要的結(jié)構(gòu)形式,商代開始已經(jīng)有四坡屋頂和遺址上比較整齊的柱子排列結(jié)構(gòu)等。因此,作為一個(gè)時(shí)代的縮影,歷代的陵墓和同期出土的隨葬品成為我們了解這個(gè)時(shí)代建筑結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展情況的一個(gè)重要途徑。本文共分為五章,第一章簡要介紹文章的選題緣由及意義,研究綜述及研究內(nèi)容和方法。第二章以考古發(fā)掘報(bào)告為出發(fā)點(diǎn),分夏商周、春秋戰(zhàn)國及秦漢三個(gè)時(shí)段對(duì)出土的帶古建筑元素的青銅器中的建筑模型和建筑構(gòu)件進(jìn)行描述。第三章從臺(tái)基、屋身、屋頂和規(guī)劃布局四個(gè)方面歸類分析青銅器中所含的臺(tái)基結(jié)構(gòu)和類別;門窗形象的種類,斗拱的組合方式;屋蓋類型,屋面布瓦情況;陵墓區(qū)位等。第四章結(jié)合遺址遺物的考古成果,發(fā)掘兩漢及以前青銅器中古建筑的整體風(fēng)貌和局部建筑構(gòu)件的相互承襲關(guān)系及建筑規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)圖體現(xiàn)的設(shè)計(jì)理念。第五章總結(jié)兩漢及以前我國建筑整體及各部分的發(fā)展演變規(guī)律和規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)理念。
[Abstract]:As a symbol of the subject culture of the bronze age in China, bronze ware reflects many aspects of the society at that time and has important historical value, artistic value and scientific and technological value. The formation of bronze ware and ornaments is closely related to pottery and jade, and its evolution and replacement are related to the making process of bronze ware, the class attributes and aesthetic concepts of rulers, and the changes in the overall spiritual outlook of society. The evolution of the ancient architectural elements means the evolution of the main architectural styles at that time. Bronze ware was mainly used in ritual in Xia Shang and Zhou dynasties, and its ornaments contained mysterious and majestic social significance. During the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period to the Qin and Han dynasties, people's thoughts were constantly liberated, social life ornaments were more popular, and the ornaments of terrace pavilions appeared, and their plot and story were stronger. At the same time, because of the development of productive forces, the instrumental types became rich and colorful. The analysis of architectural elements in bronze ware not only makes people understand the worship of thought and technology of that time, but also provides a direct basis for people to understand the architectural form of that time in imagination. There were not many substantial buildings left in ancient Chinese architecture before the Tang Dynasty. We know that the earlier architectural forms can only be recognized in the existing literature and archaeological architectural sites and relics found. From the Shang Dynasty, the construction of the mausoleum began to complex and large-scale development, funeral objects also gradually increased. Although there are some differences due to different grades, but basically can reflect the social features of the time. Bronze ware was the most important burial object at that time. According to its unearthed condition and the site of the building at that time, it was shown that since the late Xia Dynasty, the wood frame had become the main structural form. At the beginning of the Shang Dynasty, there were four sloping roofs and more neat columns on the ruins. Therefore, as a microcosm of the times, the tombs of the past dynasties and the burial objects unearthed at the same time have become an important way for us to understand the development of the architectural structure of this era. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the reason and significance of the topic, research review, research content and methods. The second chapter takes the archaeological excavation report as the starting point, divides into Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, Spring and Autumn period and warring States period and Qin and Han Dynasty to describe the architectural model and architectural components of bronze vessels unearthed with ancient architectural elements. The third chapter classifies and analyzes the structure and category of platform base contained in bronze ware from four aspects of platform base, house body, roof and layout; the type of window and door image, the combination mode of bucket arch, the type of roof, the situation of roof tile, the location of mausoleum, etc. The fourth chapter combines the archaeological achievements of the relics to explore the overall style of ancient buildings in the Han Dynasty and before the bronze ware and the inheritance of local architectural components as well as the design concept embodied in the architectural planning and design drawings. The fifth chapter summarizes the development and evolution of the whole architecture and its parts in the Han Dynasty and before the Han Dynasty, as well as the planning and design concept.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K876.41

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 丁蘭;張瑩瑩;;東周時(shí)期青銅方座與楚式“鎮(zhèn)墓獸”關(guān)系探討[J];江漢考古;2015年05期

2 汪培梓;;中原地區(qū)古代建筑的發(fā)展演變及其價(jià)值特點(diǎn)[J];文物建筑;2010年00期

3 杜金鵬;;周原宮殿建筑類型及相關(guān)問題探討[J];考古學(xué)報(bào);2009年04期

4 陳應(yīng)祺;李士蓮;;戰(zhàn)國中山國建筑用陶斗淺析[J];文物;1989年11期

5 鄭振香;;1987年安陽小屯村東北地的發(fā)掘[J];考古;1989年10期

6 張崇寧;;“刖人守囿”六輪挽車[J];文物季刊;1989年02期

7 劉建國;談三平;;江蘇鎮(zhèn)江諫壁王家山東周墓[J];文物;1987年12期

8 賈振國;;西漢齊王墓隨葬器物坑[J];考古學(xué)報(bào);1985年02期

9 牟永抗;;紹興306號(hào)戰(zhàn)國墓發(fā)掘簡報(bào)[J];文物;1984年01期

10 羅平;;河北邯鄲趙王陵[J];考古;1982年06期

，

本文編號(hào)：2154759