本文選題：哈民忙哈遺址 + 生業(yè)模式　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：哈民忙哈遺址是我國考古工作者在北緯43°以北地區(qū)，首次大面積發(fā)掘保存最完整的史前聚落遺址。哈民忙哈遺址的考古發(fā)掘，填補(bǔ)了中國東北地區(qū)新石器時(shí)代考古學(xué)文化的空白，被評為“2011年度全國十大考古新發(fā)現(xiàn)”之一。 哈民忙哈遺址位于內(nèi)蒙古通遼市科左中旗舍伯吐鎮(zhèn)哈民艾勒東北3.5千米，正南距通遼市40千米。遺址現(xiàn)存范圍南北長約900、東西寬約200米，平面呈不規(guī)則橢圓形，總面積約18萬平方米。內(nèi)蒙古文物考古研究所、科左中旗文物管理所及吉林大學(xué)邊疆考古中心在2010年、2011年、2012年三度對其進(jìn)行發(fā)掘。 鑒于哈民忙哈遺址的文化內(nèi)涵單純，系首次發(fā)現(xiàn)這類遺存的原生堆積，，遺跡及遺物豐富，遺存特征明顯，屬于一種新的考古學(xué)文化遺存——哈民忙哈文化。 遺址內(nèi)共出土動物骨骼25857件，其中可鑒定種屬標(biāo)本共9349件，種屬至少包括38種。動物資源豐富，種類繁多，可分為軟體動物類、爬行動物類、魚類、鳥類、哺乳動物類五大類。通過對動物最小個(gè)體數(shù)及種群的統(tǒng)計(jì)，可了解該地動物群構(gòu)成及各種屬動物所占總數(shù)比例，進(jìn)而推測遺址周圍的生態(tài)環(huán)境及原始居民的生產(chǎn)、生活方式，從而為完善和重建當(dāng)時(shí)的生活圖景提供重要信息。 本文共分十部分： 第一章簡要介紹哈民忙哈遺址的地理位置、考古學(xué)背景以及本文使用的研究方法。 第二章對遺址內(nèi)出土的動物骨骼進(jìn)行量化分析，簡要介紹出土動物骨骼的基本信息，如數(shù)量、種屬及一些相關(guān)問題。 第三章介紹遺址內(nèi)出土的五大類動物的種屬、數(shù)量、部位、最小個(gè)體數(shù)等信息。對挑選的典型骨骼標(biāo)本進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的描述,列舉其測量尺寸數(shù)據(jù)，并附插圖予以說明。 第四章對骨表痕跡進(jìn)行觀察,并分類描述,進(jìn)行量化分析,探討自然力、動物、人類等三種外在作用對動物骨骼所造成的破壞。 第五章對遺址內(nèi)出土的蚌制品進(jìn)行分類，并就其分類情況、加工工藝流程、功能等方面進(jìn)行詳細(xì)描述,附圖予以說明，進(jìn)而討論該遺址的蚌制品特點(diǎn)、原始居民的工具制作水平及使用情況。 第六章對遺址內(nèi)出土的骨、角、牙制品加以分類，并就其分類情況、加工工藝流程、功能等方面進(jìn)行詳細(xì)描述，附圖予以說明，進(jìn)而討論該遺址的骨、角、牙制品特點(diǎn)，以及由動物骨骼改造方法所反映出的原始居民行為模式。 第七章主要包括兩部分內(nèi)容：出土豬骨材料所反映的問題及遺址的季節(jié)性推測。通過對豬的測量尺寸、年齡結(jié)構(gòu)、性別構(gòu)成、骨骼破碎度、空間分布等方面的分析，確定該遺址內(nèi)出土的豬骨均來自于野豬。通過對蚌類采集季節(jié)及鹿角獲取季節(jié)的分析，推測該遺址全年皆有人類居住，開展生產(chǎn)、生活活動。 第八章通過對該遺址內(nèi)各類動物數(shù)量的對比分析、原始居民肉食結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)原、原始居民獲取肉食資源的方式等方面的分析，探討原始居民的肉食來源及生業(yè)模式，復(fù)原當(dāng)時(shí)的生活場景。 第九章通過對該地野生動物生活環(huán)境的分析,綜合探討當(dāng)時(shí)哈民忙哈遺址周圍的生態(tài)環(huán)境，完善對該遺址的認(rèn)識。 第十章對文中得出的結(jié)論進(jìn)行總結(jié)。從遺址內(nèi)出土的動物骨骼遺存簡況、種屬的鑒定、分類、描述、骨骼表面痕跡分析、骨角牙蚌制品分類及其加工工藝流程、遺址的生業(yè)模式和生態(tài)環(huán)境等方面進(jìn)行綜合研究和探討。
[Abstract]:The archaeological excavation of Hamin busy ha site has filled the blank of the archaeological culture of the Neolithic Age in the northeast of China, which has been rated as one of the ten new archaeological discoveries of the country in the year of 2011, which is the first large area to excavate and preserve the most complete prehistoric settlement site in the north latitude of China.
The site of Haim busy Hakha is located in the northeast of Kazakhstan, 3.5 kilometers northeast of Kazakhstan in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, and 40 km from Tongliao city. The extant scope of the site is about 900, the East and the West are about 200 meters, the plane is irregular ellipse and the total area is about 180 thousand square meters. The Inner Mongolia cultural relics and Ancient Research Institute, the Cultural Relics Management Institute of the zhongzuo Zhongqi banner and Jilin big The frontier archaeological center was excavated in 2010, 2011 and three degrees in 2012.
In view of the simple cultural connotation of Haim busy Kazakhstan site, it is the first time to find the original accumulation of this kind of remains. The remains and remains are rich and the remains are characterized by a new cultural relics of the archaeological culture - Hamin busy hasten culture.
There are 25857 animal bones unearthed in the site. Among them, there are 9349 species of species that can be identified. There are at least 38 species of species. There are abundant animal resources and a wide variety of species. They can be divided into five categories: mollusks, reptiles, fish, birds and mammals. By the statistics of the smallest number of animals and the population of the animals, we can understand the composition and the various species of the animals. The proportion of the species to the total number of animals, and then to speculate on the ecological environment around the site and the production and life style of the primitive residents, thus providing important information for the improvement and reconstruction of the life landscape at that time.
This article is divided into ten parts:
The first chapter briefly introduces the geographical location, archaeological background and research methods used in this area.
The second chapter makes quantitative analysis of animal bones unearthed in the site, and briefly introduces the basic information of skeletons of unearthed animals, such as quantity, species and some related problems.
The third chapter introduces the species, the number, the location and the minimum number of the five kinds of animals, which are unearthed in the site.
In the fourth chapter, the bone surface traces are observed and classified, and the quantitative analysis is carried out to explore the damage caused by the three external effects of natural force, animal and human to the animal bones.
The fifth chapter classifies the mussel products unearthed in the site, and gives a detailed description of its classification, processing process, function and so on. The drawings are given to discuss the characteristics of the mussel products, the production level and the use of the primitive residents.
The sixth chapter classifies the bone, angle, and tooth products unearthed in the site, and describes the classification, processing process, function and other aspects of the site. The drawings are given to discuss the bone, angle, the characteristics of the dental products, and the primitive behavior patterns reflected by the methods of animal bone transformation.
The seventh chapter mainly includes two parts: the problems reflected by the unearthed pig bone material and the seasonal speculation of the site. Through the analysis of the measurement dimensions, age structure, sex composition, bone fragmentation and spatial distribution of pigs, it is determined that the pig bones unearthed in the site come from the wild boar. According to the analysis of the season, it is speculated that the site has human habitation all year round, producing and living activities.
The eighth chapter, through a comparative analysis of the number of all kinds of animals in the site, the restoration of the meat structure of the primitive residents, the way the primitive residents get the meat of the meat and other aspects, discuss the source of meat and the mode of life of the primitive residents, and restore the life scene of the time.
In the ninth chapter, by analyzing the living environment of wildlife in the area, the ecological environment around hahmanhaha site was comprehensively discussed, and the understanding of the site was perfected.
The tenth chapter summarizes the conclusions of the article. From the site of the site, the remains of the animal skeleton, the identification, classification, description, the analysis of the bone surface trace, the classification of the products of the mussel and its processing process, the model of the site and the ecological environment.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：K878

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