本文選題：聚落考古 + 魯東南沿海地區(qū)　； 參考：《山東大學》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：本文在地理信息系統(tǒng)的支持下對魯東南沿海地區(qū)史前至漢代聚落考古進行研究。研究以不同時期聚落選址為切入點,首先對不同時期聚落選址與各種環(huán)境因素的關(guān)系變化進行一般性討論,以考察古代環(huán)境對聚落選址的影響以及人類的適應(yīng)。在上述討論的基礎(chǔ)上利用地理信息系統(tǒng)成本分析和最優(yōu)路徑分析的原理和方法,通過對史前至漢代不同時期聚落選址對區(qū)域內(nèi)重要通道利用狀況的考察,來探討可能影響聚落選址的自然和社會因素,并利用這一研究方法對區(qū)域內(nèi)重要資源的獲取和流通方式進行了初步探討。最后以龍山時期研究區(qū)域北部區(qū)域中心由丹土轉(zhuǎn)移到兩城鎮(zhèn)為例進行個案研究,結(jié)合相關(guān)學者對復雜社會發(fā)展的動力問題的討論,對推動這一轉(zhuǎn)變的可能原因進行了推測。在對環(huán)境因素進行考察的同時,本文對不同時期聚落形態(tài)特別是高等級聚落的微觀布局變化進行了梳理,以考察古代社會發(fā)展在聚落內(nèi)部空間布局上的變化。 聚落與環(huán)境考古研究在國內(nèi)方興未艾。自上個世紀九十年代中后期開始,區(qū)域性的聚落考古研究在國內(nèi)開始發(fā)展起來,一些學者把區(qū)域系統(tǒng)調(diào)查與有選擇的重點遺址發(fā)掘相結(jié)合,來考察廣闊空間范圍內(nèi)長時段的聚落形態(tài)變遷和社會發(fā)展,圍繞著學術(shù)界所關(guān)注的一系列重大問題,如社會復雜化發(fā)展、早期文明與國家的起源與形成等等,進行了一系列嘗試,取得了令人矚目的研究成果�？臻g分析是進行聚落考古研究的重要方法,在上個世紀八十年代的演講中,張光直將空間分析與文化生態(tài)學和系統(tǒng)理論視作聚落形態(tài)研究三個同時并進的重要焦點。對環(huán)境因素的重視是近二十年來國內(nèi)考古學研究發(fā)展的趨勢之一,通過對聚落發(fā)展與地形地貌、水文、土壤、降水等自然因素之間的關(guān)系進行考察,來對古代社會發(fā)展及其生存環(huán)境進行探討成為一些研究人員探討相關(guān)問題的重要途徑。在與自然環(huán)境因素結(jié)合上,地理信息系統(tǒng)有著得天獨厚的優(yōu)勢和廣闊的發(fā)展空間。 本文除導論部分為共分為四章。導論部分對魯東南沿海地區(qū)史前至漢代聚落考古這一研究的選題緣由、地理信息系統(tǒng)支持的考古研究研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢、本文的研究方法等進行了介紹。 第一章對研究區(qū)域內(nèi)的自然地理環(huán)境和全新世以來的地理環(huán)境變遷研究進行了介紹和總結(jié)。自然環(huán)境及其變遷是進行古代社會研究的首要基礎(chǔ)問題。本章 、首先對研究區(qū)域內(nèi)的地理位置和自然地理狀況進行了介紹,在此基礎(chǔ)上對魯東南沿海地區(qū)全新世以來的古地理環(huán)境與海岸線變遷研究進行了梳理,最后對近年來研究區(qū)域內(nèi)有關(guān)的古環(huán)境研究與重建工作進行了總結(jié)。 第二章對區(qū)域內(nèi)史前至漢代的聚落形態(tài)變遷與聚落選址進行討論。由于調(diào)查報告已對宏觀層面的聚落形態(tài)變遷進行了詳細闡釋,本章內(nèi)容主要是對微觀聚落形態(tài)以及不同時期聚落選址與環(huán)境因素關(guān)系的討論。本章主要內(nèi)容包括兩部分,第一部分對研究方法與數(shù)據(jù)來源進行了介紹。本章的分析以疊加分析為主,采用的數(shù)據(jù)主要是系統(tǒng)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)和各類地圖及數(shù)字高程數(shù)據(jù)等。第二部分按照時間的順序從兩個方面對史前至漢代時期聚落形態(tài)變遷與聚落選址進行了討論：一、史前至漢代聚落內(nèi)部布局的變化：二、不同時期聚落選址與環(huán)境因素的關(guān)系。在對不同時期的聚落特別是高等級聚落內(nèi)部布局進行分析時,根據(jù)研究區(qū)域內(nèi)的調(diào)查和發(fā)掘工作現(xiàn)狀,在分析的時候吸收和借鑒了臨近區(qū)域的資料。在對不同時期聚落選址與環(huán)境因素的關(guān)系進行討論時,以土壤類型、地貌類型、巖石緩沖區(qū)和海岸線緩沖區(qū)為主,對史前至漢代不同時期遺址在各種環(huán)境因素的分布狀況進行了統(tǒng)計,并進行了初步分析. 第三章利用地理信息系統(tǒng)的成本分析基本原理對區(qū)域內(nèi)的聚落選址、資源獲取與流通等問題進行了探討.這一章首先介紹了最優(yōu)路徑分析的基本原理、操作方法,并在文后對考古學研究中成本因素的確定等問題進行了討論。在分析的過程中首先利用相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)生成了本區(qū)域內(nèi)的最佳通道,并將其與不同時期的聚落分布狀況進行比較,從不同時期居民對通道的利用狀況來看可能影響聚落選址的自然和社會因素。在此基礎(chǔ)上利用最優(yōu)路徑分析的方法對研究區(qū)域內(nèi)蛇紋巖、玄武巖、白陶等的獲取與流通進行了初步討論。最后把近現(xiàn)代的交通路線與龍山時代的重要通道進行比較。 第四章在前三章分析的基礎(chǔ)上以龍山時期研究區(qū)域北部的區(qū)域中心由丹土轉(zhuǎn)移到兩城鎮(zhèn)的原因進行了探討。本章首先對丹土與兩城鎮(zhèn)歷年來的考古研究與發(fā)現(xiàn)進行了梳理,并對丹土遺址的聚落選址狀況進行了考察和推測。然后結(jié)合相關(guān)學者對復雜社會發(fā)展動力問題的討論,利用地理信息系統(tǒng)工具從以下三個方面討論了可能影響區(qū)域中心轉(zhuǎn)移的原因：交通因素、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的適宜性與可耕地比較、稻作農(nóng)業(yè)的影響等。 論文最后為結(jié)語部分,對本文主要論點進行簡要總結(jié),并指出本文創(chuàng)新之處及今后努力的方向。本文系利用地理信息系統(tǒng)來進行聚落考古的研究,創(chuàng)新之處主要表現(xiàn)在以下4個方面： 1.在研究方法上,借鑒國內(nèi)外研究成果將地理信息系統(tǒng)工具應(yīng)用于魯東南沿海地區(qū)聚落考古的探討。地理信息系統(tǒng)支持的考古學研究在歐美地區(qū)已經(jīng)發(fā)展較成熟,國內(nèi)也有不少學者開展了一系列嘗試,取得了重要成果。本文在利用地理信息系統(tǒng)工具進行分析時,根據(jù)研究區(qū)域內(nèi)的地理地貌特點和研究現(xiàn)狀,在參數(shù)設(shè)置、分析方法和分析角度上進行了創(chuàng)新。如根據(jù)研究區(qū)域依山面海的特點,本文將海岸線緩沖區(qū)作為一個重要指標來考察不同時期聚落選址所體現(xiàn)出的對海洋資源的利用問題；在對聚落選址和環(huán)境因素之間的關(guān)系進行探討的基礎(chǔ)上,本文又將地理信息系統(tǒng)成本分析的方法引入,利用最優(yōu)路徑的討論探討不同時期聚落選址對區(qū)域內(nèi)重要通道的利用以及影響不同時期選址的自然和社會因素：最后以個案研究的方式,利用地理信息系統(tǒng)的支持,從技術(shù)經(jīng)濟的角度對對丹土到兩城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域中心轉(zhuǎn)移的可能原因進行了探討。 2.將成本分析的方法引入聚落選址與資源獲取與流通等問題的研究,這在國內(nèi)考古學研究中尚屬首次。本文通過對聚落分布與環(huán)境因素關(guān)系的統(tǒng)計,并結(jié)合史前至漢代不同時期聚落選址對研究區(qū)域內(nèi)重要通道的利用狀況,分析探討了影響聚落選址的自然環(huán)境因素和社會因素,并對不同時期聚落選址表現(xiàn)出的資源開發(fā)利用和流通進行了分析。 3.在研究結(jié)論上,本文認為復雜社會發(fā)展過程中的人口增長與自然資源短缺造成的不均衡壓力是造成龍山時代研究區(qū)域內(nèi)北部中心由丹土轉(zhuǎn)移到兩城鎮(zhèn)的主要原因,稻作農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展在這個過程中中起到了重要的作用。其它因素雖然起到一定作用,但不是主要原因。 4.本文認為研究區(qū)域內(nèi)史前至漢代不同時期的聚落選址與自然地理環(huán)境因素和社會發(fā)展有著密切的關(guān)系,在不同的時期聚落布局和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)發(fā)展等方面表現(xiàn)出不同的選址傾向。通過對史前至漢代聚落內(nèi)部格局變化的討論,認為龍山文化兩城鎮(zhèn)內(nèi)部布局已經(jīng)由大汶口晚期的功能分區(qū)發(fā)展到更為復雜的社會關(guān)系分區(qū),這是當時社會復雜化程度提高的重要表現(xiàn)之一。
[Abstract]:Under the support of geographic information system, this paper studies the archaeology of the prehistoric and Han Dynasties in the coastal areas of the southeast of Shandong Province. The study takes the location of the settlement as a breakthrough point in different periods. First, the general discussion is made on the relationship between the location of the settlement and the various environmental factors in different periods, in order to investigate the influence of the ancient environment on the location of the settlement and the human being. On the basis of the above discussion, based on the principle and method of the geographical information system cost analysis and the optimal path analysis, the natural and social factors that may affect the location of the settlement are explored through the investigation of the utilization of the important channels in the region from the prehistoric to the Han Dynasties. In the end, a case study on the transfer of the northern regional center from Dantu to two cities and towns in the northern region of the Longshan period was carried out, and the possible reasons for promoting the transformation were conjectured on the basis of the discussion on the dynamic problems of the development of complex society. In order to investigate the changes in the spatial distribution of the ancient social development in the settlement, the changes in the microcosmic layout of the settlement patterns, especially the high grade settlements in different periods, were reviewed.
The study of settlement and environmental archaeology is in the ascendant in China. Since the mid and late 90s of last century, regional settlement archaeological research has been developed in China. Some scholars combine regional system investigation and selected key site excavation to investigate the long period settlement changes and social development in the wide space. Around a series of important issues, such as the development of social complexity, the early civilization and the origin and formation of the state, the exhibition has made a series of attempts and achieved remarkable achievements. Space analysis is an important method for the study of settlement archaeology. In the speech of the 80s of last century, Zhang Guangzhi will be empty. The inter analysis and cultural ecology and system theory are regarded as the three important focal points in the study of settlement form. The emphasis on environmental factors is one of the trends in the research and development of domestic Archaeology in the last twenty years. Through the investigation of the relationship between the development of the settlement and the natural factors such as topography, hydrology, soil, precipitation and so on, to the ancient times The exploration of social development and its living environment has become an important way for some researchers to discuss the related problems. In combination with natural environmental factors, the geographic information system has a unique advantage and a broad development space.
In this paper, the introduction part is divided into four chapters. The introduction part introduces the origin of the topic of the topic of the study of the archaeological study in the coastal areas of the southeast of Shandong Province, the research status and development trend of the archaeological research supported by GIS, and the research methods of this paper.
The first chapter introduces and summarizes the study of the natural geographical environment in the region and the changes in the geographical environment since the Holocene. The natural environment and its changes are the primary basic problems in the study of ancient society.
Firstly, the geographical location and the physical and geographical conditions in the study area are introduced. On the basis of this, the paleogeographic environment and the change of the coastline in the Holocene of Lu Dongnan coastal areas have been combed. Finally, the research and reconstruction of the relevant Paleoenvironment in the region have been summarized in the last few years.
The second chapter discusses the change of the settlement form and the location of the settlement in the region from the prehistoric to the Han Dynasty. The main content of this chapter is two parts. The main content of this chapter is the discussion of the morphology of the micro settlement and the relationship between the location of the settlement and the environmental factors in different periods. The first part introduces the research methods and data sources. The analysis of this chapter is mainly based on the superposition analysis, and the main data are the system survey data and various maps and digital elevation data. The second part discusses the change of the form of settlement and the location of the settlement from the prehistoric to the Han Dynasty in two aspects according to the order of time. First, the changes in the internal layout of the settlement from the prehistoric to the Han Dynasty: two, the relationship between the location of the settlement and the environmental factors at different periods. In the analysis of the internal layout of the settlement, especially the high grade settlement in different periods, the data in the adjacent area are absorbed and drawn from the investigation and excavation of the area in the study area. In the discussion of the relationship between the location of the settlement and the environmental factors at different periods, the soil type, the geomorphic type, the rock buffer zone and the coastline buffer zone were mainly discussed, and the distribution of various environmental factors in the different periods from the prehistoric to the Han Dynasty was statistically analyzed and the preliminary analysis was carried out.
The third chapter makes use of the basic principle of the cost analysis of geographic information system to discuss the problem of settlement location, resource acquisition and circulation in the region. This chapter first introduces the basic principles and operation methods of optimal path analysis, and discusses the problems of the determination of the cost factors in the study of Archaeology in the post text. In the process, the best channel in this area is generated by using the relevant data, and it is compared with the distribution of the settlement in different periods, and the natural and social factors that may affect the location of the settlement may be influenced from the utilization of the channels at different times. On this basis, the best path analysis method is used to study the snake pattern in the area. The acquisition and circulation of rocks, basalt and white pottery were discussed preliminarily. Finally, the modern traffic routes were compared with the important passages in the Longshan era.
The fourth chapter, based on the analysis of the first three chapters, discusses the reasons for the transfer of the regional center of the north of the region from Dantu to the two towns in the Longshan period. This chapter first combed the archaeological research and discovery of Dantu and two towns in the past years, and studied and conjectured the location of the settlement of the site of Dantu site. The relevant scholars discussed the dynamic problem of the complex society and discussed the reasons that may affect the regional center transfer from the following three aspects: the traffic factors, the suitability of agricultural production and the comparison of cultivated land, and the influence of rice farming.
At the end of this paper, the main points of this paper are summarized briefly, and the innovation of this paper and the direction of future efforts are pointed out. This paper uses GIS to study the settlement archaeology. The innovation is mainly shown in the following 4 aspects:
1. in the research method, the geographic information system tools are applied to the settlement archaeology in the coastal areas of southeast Shandong. The archaeological research supported by geographic information system has developed more mature in Europe and America, and many scholars in China have carried out a series of tests and achieved important results. This paper uses geography in this paper. In the analysis of information system tools, based on the characteristics of geography and geomorphology and research status in the study area, we have made innovations in the parameters setting, analysis methods and analysis angles. For example, according to the characteristics of the study area, the coastline buffer area is used as an important index to investigate the location of the settlement of the settlement at different periods. On the basis of the discussion of the relationship between the location of the settlement and the relationship between the environmental factors, this paper also introduces the method of the cost analysis of the geographic information system, and discusses the utilization of the important channels in the region at different periods and the nature and society affecting the location of the different periods by the discussion of the optimal path. Factors: in the end, the possible reasons for the transfer of Dantu to the two cities and towns in the two towns are discussed in the way of case study and the support of geographic information system.
2. the method of cost analysis is introduced into the research of settlement location and resource acquisition and circulation. This is the first time in the study of domestic archaeology. This paper analyses the relationship between the settlement and the environmental factors, and analyzes the utilization of the important channels in the study area with the location of the settlement in different periods from prehistoric to Han Dynasties. The natural environment and social factors that affect the location of settlements are analyzed, and the development, utilization and circulation of resources in different periods of settlement location are analyzed.
3. in the conclusion of the study, this paper holds that the unbalanced pressure caused by the population growth and the shortage of natural resources in the development of complex society is the main cause of the transfer of the northern center from Dantu to the two towns in the study area of the Longshan era. The development of rice farming has played an important role in this process. To a certain effect, but not the main reason.
4. this paper holds that there is a close relationship between the location of the settlement in different periods from the prehistoric to the Han Dynasty in the study area and the natural geographical and environmental factors and the social development. In different periods, the layout of the settlement and the development of agricultural production have shown different location orientation. Through the discussion of the changes in the internal pattern of the settlement in the prehistoric to the Han Dynasty, Long Shanwen thinks that The internal layout of the two cities and towns has been developed from the functional zoning of the late Da Wen's mouth to a more complex division of social relations, which is one of the important manifestations of the increase in the degree of social complexity at that time.

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K872

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前5條

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