本文關(guān)鍵詞：長江中下游泥質(zhì)黑陶的起源與發(fā)展　出處：《中山大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：多年以來,學(xué)界對泥質(zhì)黑陶的關(guān)注大多聚焦于山東地區(qū),少有對其它地區(qū)泥質(zhì)黑陶的研究。本文以長江中下游流域為背景,從泥質(zhì)黑陶的起源與發(fā)展,泥質(zhì)黑陶的實用功能,泥質(zhì)黑陶的社會及精神意義三個層面入手研究,藉此總結(jié)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與文化傳播的幾種模式。首先,為了更好地研究泥質(zhì)黑陶的起源與發(fā)展,本文檢討類型學(xué)在年代學(xué)研究中的局限性之余,企圖重新建立以碳十四測年為主軸的時間框架。在這一絕對年代構(gòu)筑的時間框架下,通過比較長江中游、皖南贛北及長江下游區(qū)域目前最早發(fā)現(xiàn)的泥質(zhì)黑陶,本文發(fā)現(xiàn)滲碳工藝最早見于長江下游的跨湖橋文化。但跨湖橋文化絕傳后,長江中游與下游在黑陶燒制工藝方面又開始了新一輪的角逐。隨著泥質(zhì)黑陶的發(fā)展,無論是在技術(shù)上、數(shù)量上還有是器型種類方面,擁有穩(wěn)定的自然環(huán)境且考古學(xué)文化一脈相承的長江中游地區(qū)相比于長江下游更勝一籌。其次,為了解長江中、下游泥質(zhì)黑陶的實用功能,本文收集了麻城金羅家遺址,上海廣富林遺址以及昆山朱墓村遺址不同時期的泥質(zhì)黑陶,通過實驗比較顯微結(jié)構(gòu)與吸水率的差異,發(fā)現(xiàn)長江中游的全黑陶在實用防滲方面,優(yōu)越于長江下游的黑皮陶。結(jié)合泥質(zhì)黑陶壺的器形分析,證明長江中游的制陶工匠對泥質(zhì)黑陶的實用性有更深入的理解。再次,超越實用功能的泥質(zhì)黑陶,究竟存在怎樣的社會與精神意義呢?本文以統(tǒng)計學(xué)測量宏觀尺度的情境為主,輔以個案的情境分析,揭示長江中游及長江下游的泥質(zhì)黑陶作為財富與社會身份的標(biāo)識作用,并指出泥質(zhì)黑陶于精神層面的重要意義。但是與其兩者不同,皖南贛北地區(qū)出土的泥質(zhì)黑陶似乎并無這些社會與精神層面的意義。最后,本文根據(jù)各章的研究成果,總結(jié)出中心式、整合涵化式、取代式及邊緣式四種技術(shù)與文化發(fā)展的模式。中心式擁有最早發(fā)明的技術(shù),隨著對技術(shù)的理解不斷累積,中心式的技術(shù)發(fā)展速率較高,且普及化程度較廣,并賦予技術(shù)成品獨特的社會與精神意義,該發(fā)展模式以長江中游漢東地區(qū)及長江下游環(huán)太湖區(qū)域為代表。整合涵化式指技術(shù)并非本地創(chuàng)造,而是從技術(shù)中心區(qū)輸入而來。技術(shù)的發(fā)展緩慢,且明顯受到技術(shù)中心區(qū)的影響。同時,本地的文化也會反過來影響到技術(shù)中心區(qū),該發(fā)展模式以峽江地區(qū)為代表。取代式是指某一技術(shù)突然出現(xiàn),并以十分成熟的姿態(tài)取代本地原生文化,該發(fā)展模式以洞庭湖西北部平原為代表。邊緣式對技術(shù)的理解往往晚于對技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,且其技術(shù)成品大多無中心區(qū)原有的社會與精神意義。該發(fā)展模式以皖南贛北為代表。本文在結(jié)尾處指出長江中游長久以來積累下來的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢,將醞釀成我國最早的青銅文明。
[Abstract]:For many years, academic attention to muddy black pottery is mostly focused on Shandong area, but few on other areas of mud black pottery. This paper takes the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as the background, from the origin and development of muddy black pottery. The practical function of muddy black pottery, the social and spiritual significance of mud black pottery are studied in order to sum up several modes of technological innovation and cultural dissemination. In order to better study the origin and development of muddy black pottery, this paper reviews the limitations of typology in chronological research. This paper attempts to re-establish a time frame with carbon 14 dating as its main axis. Under this time frame constructed by absolute age, the earliest muddy black pottery was found in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the north of Jiangxi Province and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This paper found that the Carburizing technology was first found in the cross-lake bridge culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. However, after the culture of the cross-lake bridge was passed on, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River began a new round of competition in the field of black pottery sintering technology, and with the development of muddy black pottery. In terms of technology, quantity and instrumental types, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, with a stable natural environment and a heritage of archaeological culture, are better than the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Secondly, in order to understand the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The practical function of the downstream muddy black pottery, this paper collected Maicheng Jinluojia site, Shanghai Guang Fulin site and Kunshan Zhu Tomb Village site in different periods of mud black pottery, through experiments to compare the microstructure and water absorption. It is found that the all-black pottery in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is superior to the black leather pottery in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in practical seepage prevention. It is proved that the pottery craftsmen in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River have a deeper understanding of the practicability of the clay black pottery. Thirdly, what social and spiritual significance does the clay black pottery, which transcends the practical function, have? In this paper, the statistical measurement of macro-scale situation, supplemented by case analysis, reveals the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River muddy black pottery as a sign of wealth and social identity. And pointed out the significance of mud black pottery in the spiritual level. But different from the two, the mud black pottery unearthed in the south and north of Anhui Province does not seem to have the significance of these social and spiritual aspects. Finally. According to the research results of each chapter, this paper summarizes four kinds of technological and cultural development models: centralization, integration and acculturation, substitution and edge. The center has the earliest invented technology. With the continuous accumulation of understanding of technology, the central technology development rate is higher, and the degree of popularization is wider, and endow with the unique social and spiritual significance of the technical products. This development model is represented by the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Taihu Lake area around the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The integration and acculturation refers to the technology is not created locally, but is imported from the center of the technology area. The development of technology is slow. At the same time, the local culture will also affect the technology center area, the development model is represented by the Xiajiang region. The replacement refers to the sudden emergence of a technology. And replace the native culture with a very mature attitude, this development model is represented by the northwest plain of Dongting Lake. Edge understanding of technology is often later than the application of technology. And most of its technical products do not have the original social and spiritual significance of the central district. This development model is represented by the north and south of Anhui Province. At the end of this paper, it points out the technological advantages accumulated in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River for a long time. It will be the earliest bronze civilization in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中山大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：K876.3

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