【摘要】：1980年,計(jì)劃生育政策正式在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)推行,到現(xiàn)在已過(guò)了 30余年。隨著時(shí)間的推移,獨(dú)生子女都長(zhǎng)大成人,且他們的父母步入了老年,老齡化變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重,老齡化家庭數(shù)量不斷增長(zhǎng),獨(dú)生子女家庭養(yǎng)老不管在經(jīng)濟(jì)上還是心理上、體力上,都面臨著巨大的養(yǎng)老壓力。其中城市獨(dú)生子女家庭的養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題尤其值得關(guān)注。和傳統(tǒng)家庭進(jìn)行對(duì)比,就獨(dú)生子女家庭而言,其人口數(shù)量相對(duì)比較少,規(guī)模不大,其應(yīng)付風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的水平自然也大大的消弱。此外,獨(dú)生子女家庭大部分多集中在城市,城市獨(dú)生子女父母在養(yǎng)老方面面臨的問(wèn)題也就更早的顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)。本文以黑龍江省哈爾濱市為例,以這個(gè)城市的獨(dú)生子女家庭為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)其父母在養(yǎng)老方面的意愿與需求進(jìn)行了深入的研究分析,進(jìn)一步對(duì)城市當(dāng)中的獨(dú)生子女父母在家庭、社區(qū)與機(jī)構(gòu)三種養(yǎng)老模式中所存在的一系列問(wèn)題進(jìn)行探討,同時(shí)從國(guó)家層面、獨(dú)生子女及其父母層面、社會(huì)層面給出了具體的應(yīng)對(duì)策略。從政策層面給獨(dú)生子女予以照顧,建立健全涉及獨(dú)生子女的一些政策規(guī)定,形成良好社會(huì)風(fēng)氣,進(jìn)一步健全社區(qū)、機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)老機(jī)制,鼓勵(lì)老年者形成自我養(yǎng)老思想觀念,并倡導(dǎo)獨(dú)生子女選擇和父母較近的距離居住。以期為解決我國(guó)獨(dú)生子女父母養(yǎng)老方面面臨的問(wèn)題,給出針對(duì)性的參考與借鑒。最后,在結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外養(yǎng)老模式的經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,緊緊圍繞核心體系、配套措施、輔助政策三個(gè)方面對(duì)哈爾濱市獨(dú)生子女父母養(yǎng)老發(fā)展做出了全方位、科學(xué)的研究分析,在政策層面給出了建立健全哈爾濱市獨(dú)生子女父母養(yǎng)老的建議,為該市創(chuàng)建這方面的養(yǎng)老保障模式提供理論參考。
[Abstract]:In 1980, the family planning policy was officially launched nationwide, and over 30 years have passed. With the passage of time, only the one-child has grown up, and their parents are in the old age, the aging becomes more and more serious, the number of aging families is increasing, the only-child family pension is financially or psychologically, physically and physically, facing a huge pension pressure. The problem of the old-age of the one-child family of the city is of particular concern. Compared with the traditional family, in the case of the one-child family, the population of the one-child family is relatively small, the scale is not large, and the level of the coping risk is also greatly weakened. In addition, most of the only-child households are concentrated in cities, and the problems faced by the only one-child parents in the old age of the family also appear earlier. Taking the Harbin city as an example, this paper, taking the one-child family of this city as the research object, makes an in-depth study and analysis of the wishes and needs of their parents in the old age, and further study the family of the one-child parents in the city. There are a series of problems in the three-age model of the community and the institution. At the same time, the specific coping strategies are given from the national level, the one-child and the parent level and the social level. Take care of the only child from the policy level, establish and perfect some policy regulations concerning the only child, form a good social atmosphere, further improve the community and institutional care mechanism, and encourage the elderly to form the self-care concept. It also advocates the one-child choice to live close to the parents. The aim of this paper is to provide reference and reference for solving the problems faced by one-child parents in our country. At last, on the basis of combining the experience of the old-age model in home and abroad, the author made an all-round and scientific research and analysis on the old-age development of the one-child parents in Harbin by focusing on the core system, the supporting measures and the auxiliary policy. At the policy level, the author gives the suggestion of establishing and perfecting the old-age pension of the one-child parents in Harbin, and provides the theoretical reference for the city's establishment of the old-age security model in this area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D669.6

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