臺(tái)灣地區(qū)“憲政改革”研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-05 13:48
【摘要】：臺(tái)灣自古以來就是我國(guó)的一部分。1895年，日本通過《馬關(guān)條約》占據(jù)日本。1945年，日本宣布無條件投降，臺(tái)灣回到祖國(guó)的懷抱。1949年，國(guó)民黨敗逃至臺(tái)灣，開始了其在臺(tái)灣地區(qū)的統(tǒng)治。自20世紀(jì)90年代以來，臺(tái)灣地區(qū)已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了七次“憲政改革”。本文以歷次“憲政改革”為研究對(duì)象，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注在這一過程中司法院通過“釋憲”發(fā)揮的作用，在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)具有較強(qiáng)隱蔽性及危險(xiǎn)性的“釋憲臺(tái)獨(dú)”進(jìn)行分析，以求對(duì)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一大業(yè)提供借鑒。論文主體由三部分組成。 第一部分是臺(tái)灣地區(qū)“憲政改革”的歷程。本部分從“憲政改革”的背景開始，系統(tǒng)梳理了歷次“憲政改革”的過程及結(jié)果，以時(shí)間為軸，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注了在這過程中司法院的的變化。隨著十大建設(shè)的完成，人民受教育水平提高，外向型的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式擴(kuò)大了臺(tái)灣與世界的交流。進(jìn)而臺(tái)灣人民的參政意識(shí)日益強(qiáng)烈。國(guó)民黨內(nèi)政治斗爭(zhēng)激化并且遇到了民進(jìn)黨的挑戰(zhàn)。在“二月政爭(zhēng)”及“三月學(xué)運(yùn)”的推動(dòng)下，國(guó)民黨主導(dǎo)的“憲政改革”拉開大幕。七次“憲政改革”之后，司法院設(shè)十五名大法官，由總統(tǒng)提名，經(jīng)立法院同意任命。大法官任期八年，不分屆次，個(gè)別計(jì)算，不得連任。司法院大法官組成憲法法庭，審理政黨違憲解散案及總統(tǒng)、副總統(tǒng)彈劾案。行政院不得刪減司法預(yù)算�！皯椪母铩钡某掷m(xù)推進(jìn)對(duì)臺(tái)灣社會(huì)及兩岸關(guān)系都產(chǎn)生了巨大影響，尤其是損害了兩岸關(guān)系的良性發(fā)展。第二部分是司法院在“憲政改革”中的功能。根據(jù)1946年《中華民國(guó)憲法》的規(guī)定，，司法院有權(quán)解釋“憲法”。司法院“釋憲”所依據(jù)的法律規(guī)范有所不同，主要有三份：《司法院大法官會(huì)議規(guī)則》、《司法院大法官會(huì)議法》、《司法院大法官審理案件法》。司法院“釋憲”技術(shù)問題主要是“合憲性”推定解釋方法及審查密度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。司法院“釋憲”在不同歷史階段發(fā)揮了不同的作用。主要是為《中華民國(guó)憲法》在臺(tái)灣地區(qū)的適用創(chuàng)造條件；配合“憲政改革”調(diào)整政治體制；裁決政治糾紛。第三部分是警惕司法院“釋憲臺(tái)獨(dú)”。通過對(duì)司法院有關(guān)兩岸關(guān)系的“憲法”解釋的分類，梳理出其對(duì)兩岸關(guān)系的態(tài)度及發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。鑒于臺(tái)灣地區(qū)憲法學(xué)界對(duì)憲法解釋理論的研究比較深入，“釋憲臺(tái)獨(dú)”具有較強(qiáng)的可操作性，國(guó)際上已有通過司法解決統(tǒng)獨(dú)問題的先例，我們對(duì)“釋憲臺(tái)獨(dú)”的忽視等，因此，我們需要警惕司法院“釋憲臺(tái)獨(dú)”。但“臺(tái)獨(dú)”分子通過“釋憲”實(shí)現(xiàn)“臺(tái)獨(dú)”陰謀也會(huì)受到若干因素的制約，如導(dǎo)火索的選擇，大法官對(duì)兩岸關(guān)系的態(tài)度，憲法解釋理論的選擇等。 只要我們識(shí)破了“臺(tái)獨(dú)”分子“釋憲臺(tái)獨(dú)”的把戲，綜合運(yùn)用政治宣傳、經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)助、文化感召、法律交流等手段，緊緊依靠?jī)砂度嗣竦闹С�，我們一定能完成�?guó)家統(tǒng)一的大業(yè)。
[Abstract]:Taiwan has been a part of our country since ancient times. In 1895, Japan occupied Japan through the Treaty of Malaysia Customs. In 1945, Japan announced unconditional surrender and Taiwan returned to the embrace of the motherland. In 1949, the Kuomintang fled to Taiwan. It began its rule in Taiwan. Since the 1990 s, Taiwan has carried out seven constitutional reforms. This paper takes the past "constitutional reform" as the research object, focuses on the role played by the division court through the "interpretation of the constitution" in this process, and on this basis analyzes the "interpretation of constitutional Taiwan independence", which has a strong concealment and danger. In order to provide reference for the great cause of the reunification of the motherland. The main body of the paper consists of three parts. The first part is the course of constitutional reform in Taiwan. Starting from the background of "constitutional reform", this part systematically combs the process and results of "constitutional reform", taking time as the axis, focusing on the changes of the judicial court in this process. With the completion of the top ten construction and the improvement of people's education level, the export-oriented economic model has expanded the exchanges between Taiwan and the world. Furthermore, the Taiwan people's consciousness of participating in politics is becoming stronger and stronger. The political struggle within the Kuomintang intensified and met the challenges of the DPP. Driven by the political struggle in February and the student movement in March, the constitutional reform led by the Kuomintang opened the curtain. After seven constitutional reforms, the Judicial Court had fifteen judges nominated by the President and appointed with the consent of the Legislative Yuan. The term of office of the Chancellor of Justice shall be eight years, regardless of the number of times, and shall not be re-elected on a case-by-case basis. The judges of the judicial court form a constitutional court to hear the unconstitutional dissolution of political parties and the impeachment of the president and vice president. The Executive Yuan shall not delete the judicial budget. The continuous promotion of "constitutional reform" has had a great impact on Taiwan society and cross-strait relations, especially on the benign development of cross-strait relations. The second part is the function of the judicial court in the constitutional reform. According to the 1946 Constitution of the Republic of China, the judicial court has the power to interpret the Constitution. The legal norms on which the judicial court interprets the constitution are different, mainly in three parts: the rules of the meeting of judges of the Court of Justice, the Law on the meeting of judges of the Court of Justice, and the Law on the hearing of cases by the judges of the Court of Justice. The technical problems of the interpretation of constitution in the judicial court are mainly the interpretation method of constitutional inference and the standard of examining density. The Court of Justice has played different roles in different historical stages. It mainly creates conditions for the application of the Constitution of the Republic of China in Taiwan, adjusts the political system in line with the "constitutional reform", and adjudicates political disputes. The third part is to guard against the judicial court's "interpretation of constitutional Taiwan independence." Through the classification of the interpretation of the Constitution of the Judicial Court on cross-strait relations, the attitude and development of cross-strait relations are sorted out. In view of the deep research on the theory of constitutional interpretation in Taiwan, the "interpretation of constitutional Taiwan independence" has a strong maneuverability, there have been precedents in the world to solve the issue of reunification and independence through justice, and our neglect of "constitutional Taiwan independence". Therefore, We need to be vigilant against the judicial court's "interpretation of constitutional Taiwan independence." However, the conspiracy of "Taiwan independence" elements to realize "Taiwan independence" through "interpreting the constitution" will also be restricted by a number of factors, such as the choice of trigger, the attitude of judges towards cross-strait relations, the choice of constitutional interpretation theory, and so on. As long as we understand the trick of "Taiwan independence" elements in "interpreting constitutional Taiwan independence", comprehensively use political propaganda, economic assistance, cultural call, legal exchanges and other means, and rely closely on the support of the people on both sides of the strait, we will certainly be able to complete the great cause of national reunification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D675.8
本文編號(hào)：2493572
[Abstract]:Taiwan has been a part of our country since ancient times. In 1895, Japan occupied Japan through the Treaty of Malaysia Customs. In 1945, Japan announced unconditional surrender and Taiwan returned to the embrace of the motherland. In 1949, the Kuomintang fled to Taiwan. It began its rule in Taiwan. Since the 1990 s, Taiwan has carried out seven constitutional reforms. This paper takes the past "constitutional reform" as the research object, focuses on the role played by the division court through the "interpretation of the constitution" in this process, and on this basis analyzes the "interpretation of constitutional Taiwan independence", which has a strong concealment and danger. In order to provide reference for the great cause of the reunification of the motherland. The main body of the paper consists of three parts. The first part is the course of constitutional reform in Taiwan. Starting from the background of "constitutional reform", this part systematically combs the process and results of "constitutional reform", taking time as the axis, focusing on the changes of the judicial court in this process. With the completion of the top ten construction and the improvement of people's education level, the export-oriented economic model has expanded the exchanges between Taiwan and the world. Furthermore, the Taiwan people's consciousness of participating in politics is becoming stronger and stronger. The political struggle within the Kuomintang intensified and met the challenges of the DPP. Driven by the political struggle in February and the student movement in March, the constitutional reform led by the Kuomintang opened the curtain. After seven constitutional reforms, the Judicial Court had fifteen judges nominated by the President and appointed with the consent of the Legislative Yuan. The term of office of the Chancellor of Justice shall be eight years, regardless of the number of times, and shall not be re-elected on a case-by-case basis. The judges of the judicial court form a constitutional court to hear the unconstitutional dissolution of political parties and the impeachment of the president and vice president. The Executive Yuan shall not delete the judicial budget. The continuous promotion of "constitutional reform" has had a great impact on Taiwan society and cross-strait relations, especially on the benign development of cross-strait relations. The second part is the function of the judicial court in the constitutional reform. According to the 1946 Constitution of the Republic of China, the judicial court has the power to interpret the Constitution. The legal norms on which the judicial court interprets the constitution are different, mainly in three parts: the rules of the meeting of judges of the Court of Justice, the Law on the meeting of judges of the Court of Justice, and the Law on the hearing of cases by the judges of the Court of Justice. The technical problems of the interpretation of constitution in the judicial court are mainly the interpretation method of constitutional inference and the standard of examining density. The Court of Justice has played different roles in different historical stages. It mainly creates conditions for the application of the Constitution of the Republic of China in Taiwan, adjusts the political system in line with the "constitutional reform", and adjudicates political disputes. The third part is to guard against the judicial court's "interpretation of constitutional Taiwan independence." Through the classification of the interpretation of the Constitution of the Judicial Court on cross-strait relations, the attitude and development of cross-strait relations are sorted out. In view of the deep research on the theory of constitutional interpretation in Taiwan, the "interpretation of constitutional Taiwan independence" has a strong maneuverability, there have been precedents in the world to solve the issue of reunification and independence through justice, and our neglect of "constitutional Taiwan independence". Therefore, We need to be vigilant against the judicial court's "interpretation of constitutional Taiwan independence." However, the conspiracy of "Taiwan independence" elements to realize "Taiwan independence" through "interpreting the constitution" will also be restricted by a number of factors, such as the choice of trigger, the attitude of judges towards cross-strait relations, the choice of constitutional interpretation theory, and so on. As long as we understand the trick of "Taiwan independence" elements in "interpreting constitutional Taiwan independence", comprehensively use political propaganda, economic assistance, cultural call, legal exchanges and other means, and rely closely on the support of the people on both sides of the strait, we will certainly be able to complete the great cause of national reunification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D675.8
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