【摘要】：英國受歐債危機(jī)的影響,經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)緩慢。在此背景下,英國于2016年舉行了全民的“脫歐公投”,但政府在“脫歐公投”中逐漸失去了對(duì)結(jié)果的把控,投票結(jié)果最終朝向與政府相反的預(yù)期發(fā)展,作者主要研究英國“脫歐公投”以及卡梅倫政府為何會(huì)在“脫歐公投”中失利。據(jù)此,作者運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)研究法、馬克思辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義相結(jié)合的方法,詳細(xì)地梳理了卡梅倫政府推動(dòng)“脫歐公投”的過程,從對(duì)“脫歐公投”持否定態(tài)度到對(duì)其持支持并推動(dòng)態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變。并從政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和外交等因素方面考察并細(xì)致的分析了促成卡梅倫政府“脫歐公投”的原因。作者從政黨因素、政府因素和社會(huì)因素三大方面解釋了卡梅倫政府“脫歐公投”的失利,剖析了英國政府制定的國內(nèi)政策很大程度上與廣大中低收入民眾的利益相違背,正是由于政府在國內(nèi)政策方面的失誤導(dǎo)致了卡梅倫政府的“脫歐公投”沒有達(dá)到政治預(yù)期。其中具體說明:保守黨黨內(nèi)的分歧大大限制了卡梅倫政府集中黨內(nèi)力量辦大事的可能性,在與以獨(dú)立黨為代表的“脫歐派”爭(zhēng)取選民工作對(duì)比中處于劣勢(shì)。重點(diǎn)闡釋了政府公共部門債務(wù)呈擴(kuò)大態(tài)勢(shì)、英國的主權(quán)評(píng)價(jià)下降等經(jīng)濟(jì)方面對(duì)“脫歐公投”的影響,分析了政府在社會(huì)公共服務(wù)和應(yīng)對(duì)貧困與社會(huì)問題方面存在的問題。作者通過剖析卡梅倫政府“脫歐公投”的失利因素,進(jìn)而分析了公投的現(xiàn)實(shí)影響以及英國“脫歐”的前景。英國新任首相特蕾莎·梅于2017年3月29日向歐盟遞交了“脫歐”申請(qǐng)。“脫歐公投”的結(jié)果不僅會(huì)給英國國內(nèi)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來現(xiàn)實(shí)的影響,同時(shí)也會(huì)影響國際政治的走向。英國與歐盟將會(huì)開展長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩年的脫歐談判,雙方都會(huì)為了各自利益爭(zhēng)取更多的“離婚財(cái)產(chǎn)”。理性來看,英國與歐盟的關(guān)系可能未來一段時(shí)間內(nèi)可能會(huì)走低;長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看,英歐雙方都開始務(wù)實(shí)且采取“雙贏”合作政策,畢竟利益是永恒的。
[Abstract]:Britain is affected by the European debt crisis, the economic recovery is slow. Against this backdrop, Britain held a referendum on Brexit in 2016, but the government gradually lost control of the result in the referendum, which eventually turned out to be the opposite of the government's expectations. The author focuses on the Brexit referendum and why Cameron's government lost the Brexit referendum. Based on this, the author makes use of the method of literature research, the combination of Marxist dialectical materialism and historical materialism, and combs in detail the process of the Cameron government promoting the "referendum on Brexit". From a negative attitude towards the Brexit referendum to a change in support and promotion. And from the political, economic, social stability and diplomacy and other factors to examine and carefully analyze the reasons for the Cameron government's "Brexit referendum." The author explains the failure of the Cameron government's "Brexit referendum" from three aspects: political party factor, government factor and social factor, and analyzes that the domestic policy made by the British government is contrary to the interests of the majority of low- and middle-income people to a great extent. It was the government's domestic policy blunders that led to Mr Cameron's "Brexit referendum" falling short of political expectations. Specifically, differences within the Conservative Party have greatly limited the possibility of Cameron's government concentrating on the party to do big things, and are at a disadvantage compared with the work of the "Brexit" campaign for voters represented by the Independence Party. This paper mainly explains the influence of the government's public sector debt on the Brexit referendum, and analyzes the problems existing in the government's social public service and dealing with the poverty and social problems, such as the decline of Britain's sovereignty evaluation and other economic aspects of the "Brexit referendum". By analyzing the failure of the Cameron government's "Brexit referendum", the author analyzes the realistic impact of the referendum and the prospect of Britain's "Brexit". Britain's new prime minister, Theresa May, applied to leave the EU on March 29, 2017. The result of the "Brexit referendum" will not only have a realistic impact on British domestic politics and economy, but also affect the direction of international politics. Britain and the EU are set to enter into two years of Brexit talks, with both sides fighting for more "divorce assets" in their own interests. Rationally, Britain's relationship with the EU is likely to decline for some time to come; in the long run, both sides are pragmatic and adopt a "win-win" co-operative policy, after all, the benefits are permanent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D856.1

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