【摘要】：《通典》所載"魏官品"和"晉官品"是今人所見(jiàn)有關(guān)魏、晉官品的最完整記載,其來(lái)源在現(xiàn)有歷史文獻(xiàn)中難覓蹤跡。"魏官品"與曹魏實(shí)際制度多有不合,或謂其頒布時(shí)間在曹魏滅亡前夕。曹魏《品令》(《官品令》)當(dāng)在魏明帝朝法令修訂時(shí)制定,魏末晉初賈充等人所撰《官品令》為《晉官品令》,均非《通典》所載之"魏官品"�！端鍟�(shū)·經(jīng)籍志》著錄的多部魏晉官制文獻(xiàn)中未見(jiàn)《官品令》,唐初修撰《晉書(shū)》時(shí)所見(jiàn)《魏晉官品令》并非原始文獻(xiàn),而是轉(zhuǎn)述相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)所見(jiàn)魏、晉時(shí)期的官品令文,難免會(huì)有不合實(shí)際制度之處。晉代官分九品明載于《晉書(shū)·食貨志》,而《職官志》中職官等級(jí)則是用"品秩"和"石"來(lái)表示的,品代表官位高低,秩體現(xiàn)俸祿多寡,品秩結(jié)合方體現(xiàn)官員地位之整體面貌。《宋書(shū)·百官志》關(guān)于職官秩次的記載較多,包括漢代以降至劉宋制度,通過(guò)比較可知,魏晉劉宋時(shí)期職官等級(jí)制度的表現(xiàn)形式仍與漢代相近,"秩○○石"為表示職官等級(jí)的重要方式�！端鍟�(shū)·百官志》載梁初定制,有明確對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系的"秩"與"品"構(gòu)成職官等級(jí)制度的兩個(gè)基本要件。而同卷所載陳代品秩,秩次僅與具體職官對(duì)應(yīng),并不反映其品位之上下或位次之前后。僅據(jù)將軍名號(hào)即可斷定,《通典》所載"魏官品"未能真實(shí)反映曹魏現(xiàn)實(shí)制度,也與晉初制度多有不合,稱之為"魏官品"名不副實(shí)。"晉官品"與西晉或東晉現(xiàn)實(shí)制度也有較大出入,可斷定非晉代某一時(shí)期的原始《官品令》,以"晉官品"作為兩晉全期或某一時(shí)期的制度亦屬牽強(qiáng)。沈約《宋書(shū)·百官志》文末附載比較簡(jiǎn)略的官品表,實(shí)為東晉制度,也與劉宋制度相符,是為現(xiàn)存文獻(xiàn)中記錄時(shí)間最早的一個(gè)官品表,《通典》所載"晉官品"不排除以之為藍(lán)本編撰而成的可能性。
[Abstract]:"Wei Guan Pin" and "Jin Guan Pin" contained in the "Tongdian" are the most complete records of the Wei and Jin official products seen by people today, and their origins are hard to find in the existing historical documents. " Wei Guan-Pin "does not agree with the actual system of Cao Wei, or it was promulgated on the eve of the death of Cao Wei." When the Wei Dynasty decree was amended by Wei Ming Emperor, Jia Chong and others wrote the "official products order" as "Jin Guan Pin order", which was written by Jia Chong and others in the end of the Wei Dynasty and the beginning of the Jin Dynasty. None of them are "Weiguan articles" contained in the "Tongdian". The official order of the Wei and Jin dynasties is not found in many official documents written in the Book of Sui Dynasty, and the order of the official products of the Wei and Jin dynasties in the early Tang Dynasty is not the original document. But to report the relevant literature saw Wei, Jin Dynasty official documents, there will inevitably be unrealistic system. The Jin Dynasty officials were divided into nine products, which were clearly contained in the Journal of Food and order of Jin Book, while the official rank in official Records was expressed by "rank of goods" and "stone", which represented the height of the official position and the rank of the rank reflected the amount of salary. The combination of product rank and rank reflects the overall appearance of official status. There are more records on rank of official in the Song Dynasty, including the reduction to the Liu Song system in the Han Dynasty. Through comparison, we can see that, The expression form of the rank system of official in Wei, Jin, Liu and Song dynasties is still similar to that in Han Dynasty. "Rank 00 Stone" is an important way to express the rank of official. Rank and character, which have clear corresponding relation, constitute two basic elements of rank system. However, the rank of Chen Dapin in the same volume only corresponds to the rank of the specific official, and does not reflect the upper or lower grade or before or after the rank. According to the name of the general, it can be concluded that the "Wei Guan Pin" contained in the "Tongdian" fails to truly reflect the actual system of the Cao Wei Dynasty, and it is also inconsistent with the system in the early Jin Dynasty, which is called "Wei Guan Pin", which is not true to its name. " There is also a great difference between the Jin official products and the realistic system of the Western Jin or the Eastern Jin. It can be concluded that the original "official order" in a certain period of the non-Jin Dynasty is also far-fetched to take "Jin Guan Pin" as the whole or a certain period of the Jin Dynasty. At the end of the article of Shen Yue's Book of Song Dynasty, there was a relatively brief list of official articles, which was actually the system of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was in line with the system of Liu Song. It was the earliest official list recorded in the existing literature. The "Jin Guan Pin" contained in the General Code does not exclude the possibility of compiling it as a blueprint.
【作者單位】： 首都師范大學(xué)歷史學(xué)院;
【分類號(hào)】：D691.42

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