唐代環(huán)塔里木地區(qū)屯戍格局及當代啟示
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-23 18:22
【摘要】：古代新疆境內(nèi)以絲綢之路中道和絲綢之路南道圍成的閉合區(qū)域,即環(huán)塔里木地區(qū),主要是指天山以南的南疆和東疆一帶,地理區(qū)域主要包括哈密盆地、吐魯番盆地、焉耆盆地和塔里木盆地。7到9世紀,在近160年的時間里,唐朝在環(huán)塔里木地區(qū)投入大量軍事力量,有效遏制了吐蕃等游牧部落的侵犯,保障了西域的長期穩(wěn)定。自618年唐朝建立以來,亞洲的政治格局逐漸發(fā)生變化,一方面,大唐帝國不斷崛起,另一方面,突厥在北方的霸主地位因內(nèi)部分裂而逐漸下降。唐朝對東突厥戰(zhàn)爭的勝利直接打通了通往西域的道路,伊、西二州及安西都護府的設置初步奠定了唐朝環(huán)塔里木地區(qū)屯戍格局的基礎。634年,唐朝與吐蕃正式爆發(fā)沖突,此后,吐蕃逐漸成為唐朝西部及北部邊疆最大的威脅。環(huán)塔里木地區(qū)對于唐朝和吐蕃而言,都具有極其重要的戰(zhàn)略地位,自7世紀中期以后,雙方在此長期爭奪,安西四鎮(zhèn)幾經(jīng)廢立。直到692年王孝杰收復四鎮(zhèn),唐朝進一步加強了環(huán)塔里木地區(qū)的布防。在以后的近一個世紀的時間里,安西都護府和安西四鎮(zhèn)(后改稱安西節(jié)度使或四鎮(zhèn)節(jié)度使)的設置從未間斷,一定時期內(nèi)實現(xiàn)了“斷吐蕃左臂”的目的。唐代在環(huán)塔里木地區(qū)的布防體系是合理的。一方面,位于東部的西州,鎮(zhèn)、戍、驛站、烽燧等分布尤其廣泛,足見本地區(qū)交通便捷,結合本地充足的兵源和廣泛的屯田,初步認為:西州是環(huán)塔里木地區(qū)戍防戰(zhàn)略的后方基地。另一方面,包括安西都護府和沙州部分地區(qū)在內(nèi)的塔里木盆地,大型軍鎮(zhèn)及守捉分布較多,由于此地位于吐蕃北上的關鍵區(qū)域,唐朝在此設置包括安西四鎮(zhèn)在內(nèi)的諸軍鎮(zhèn),足見本地已成為遏制吐蕃入侵西域及阻止吐蕃與突厥聯(lián)合的前沿陣地。唐代環(huán)塔里木地區(qū)的屯戍格局對于當今新疆治理具有現(xiàn)實意義。新時期南疆已成為新疆穩(wěn)定的重心,充足的武裝力量是南疆穩(wěn)定的重要保障。同時,實踐證明,新疆生產(chǎn)建設兵團能夠有效應對當代新疆分裂及暴恐事件的新特點,對于促進新疆穩(wěn)定和長治久安具有不可代替的作用。因此,應當堅持發(fā)展兵團事業(yè),充分發(fā)揮兵團維穩(wěn)戍邊的作用。具體而言,要進一步完善南疆兵團的布局,加強南疆兵團的武裝力量,加快南疆兵團的城鎮(zhèn)化進程。
[Abstract]:In ancient Xinjiang, a closed area surrounded by the Silk Road Middle Road and the Silk Road South Road, that is, the Tarim region, mainly refers to the southern and eastern Xinjiang areas south of the Tianshan Mountains. The geographical areas mainly include the Hami Basin and the Turpan Basin. Yanqi Basin and Tarim Basin. From the 7th to 9th century, during the last 160 years, the Tang Dynasty invested a large number of military forces in the area around Tarim, effectively containing the invasion of nomadic tribes such as Tubo, and ensuring the long-term stability of the Western region. Since the establishment of the Tang Dynasty in 618, the political pattern in Asia has gradually changed. On the one hand, the empire of the Great Tang Dynasty has been rising constantly, on the other hand, the hegemony of the Turkic in the north has gradually declined due to the internal division. The victory of the Tang Dynasty over the East Turkic War directly opened the way to the Western region. The setting up of Iraq, the second state of the West and the Anxi capital initially laid the foundation for the garrison pattern around the Tarim region in the Tang Dynasty. In 634, the conflict between the Tang Dynasty and the Tubo officially broke out, and thereafter, Tubo gradually became the biggest threat to the western and northern borders of the Tang Dynasty. The region around Tarim had an extremely important strategic position for both Tang Dynasty and Tubo. Since the middle of the 7th century, the two sides have been fighting for a long time, and Anxi four towns have been abandoned several times. Until 692 Wang Xiaojie recovered the four towns, the Tang Dynasty further strengthened the Tarim area around the cloth. In the following nearly a century, the establishment of Anxi du and Anxi four towns (later renamed Anxi Node and four towns) was never interrupted, and the purpose of "breaking the left arm of Tubo" was achieved in a certain period. Tang Dynasty in the Tarim area around the cloth system is reasonable. On the one hand, in the eastern part of the country, the western states, towns, garrisons, post stations, beacons, etc., are particularly widely distributed, which shows the convenient transportation in this region, the combination of abundant local sources of soldiers and extensive cantonment of fields. Preliminary conclusion: West state is the rear base of the garrison strategy around Tarim region. On the other hand, in the Tarim Basin, including Anxi du Fufu and some parts of Shazhou, large military towns and garrisons are widely distributed. As this place is located in a key area north of Tubo, the Tang Dynasty set up Zhujun towns, including Anxi four towns, here. Therefore, the local area has become a frontier position to prevent Tubo from invading the Western region and to prevent the combination of Tubo and Turkic. The garrison pattern around Tarim region in Tang Dynasty is of practical significance to the governance of Xinjiang. In the new era, southern Xinjiang has become the focus of Xinjiang stability, sufficient armed forces is an important guarantee of stability in southern Xinjiang. At the same time, the practice has proved that the Xinjiang production and Construction Corps can effectively deal with the new characteristics of contemporary Xinjiang splittism and violent terrorist incidents, and has an irreplaceable role in promoting Xinjiang's stability and long-term stability. Therefore, we should persist in the development of the Corps and give full play to its role in maintaining stability and garrisoning the border. In particular, it is necessary to further improve the layout of the Southern Xinjiang Corps, strengthen the armed forces of the Southern Xinjiang Corps, and speed up the urbanization process of the Southern Xinjiang Corps.
【學位授予單位】：石河子大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K242;D691
本文編號：2390076
[Abstract]:In ancient Xinjiang, a closed area surrounded by the Silk Road Middle Road and the Silk Road South Road, that is, the Tarim region, mainly refers to the southern and eastern Xinjiang areas south of the Tianshan Mountains. The geographical areas mainly include the Hami Basin and the Turpan Basin. Yanqi Basin and Tarim Basin. From the 7th to 9th century, during the last 160 years, the Tang Dynasty invested a large number of military forces in the area around Tarim, effectively containing the invasion of nomadic tribes such as Tubo, and ensuring the long-term stability of the Western region. Since the establishment of the Tang Dynasty in 618, the political pattern in Asia has gradually changed. On the one hand, the empire of the Great Tang Dynasty has been rising constantly, on the other hand, the hegemony of the Turkic in the north has gradually declined due to the internal division. The victory of the Tang Dynasty over the East Turkic War directly opened the way to the Western region. The setting up of Iraq, the second state of the West and the Anxi capital initially laid the foundation for the garrison pattern around the Tarim region in the Tang Dynasty. In 634, the conflict between the Tang Dynasty and the Tubo officially broke out, and thereafter, Tubo gradually became the biggest threat to the western and northern borders of the Tang Dynasty. The region around Tarim had an extremely important strategic position for both Tang Dynasty and Tubo. Since the middle of the 7th century, the two sides have been fighting for a long time, and Anxi four towns have been abandoned several times. Until 692 Wang Xiaojie recovered the four towns, the Tang Dynasty further strengthened the Tarim area around the cloth. In the following nearly a century, the establishment of Anxi du and Anxi four towns (later renamed Anxi Node and four towns) was never interrupted, and the purpose of "breaking the left arm of Tubo" was achieved in a certain period. Tang Dynasty in the Tarim area around the cloth system is reasonable. On the one hand, in the eastern part of the country, the western states, towns, garrisons, post stations, beacons, etc., are particularly widely distributed, which shows the convenient transportation in this region, the combination of abundant local sources of soldiers and extensive cantonment of fields. Preliminary conclusion: West state is the rear base of the garrison strategy around Tarim region. On the other hand, in the Tarim Basin, including Anxi du Fufu and some parts of Shazhou, large military towns and garrisons are widely distributed. As this place is located in a key area north of Tubo, the Tang Dynasty set up Zhujun towns, including Anxi four towns, here. Therefore, the local area has become a frontier position to prevent Tubo from invading the Western region and to prevent the combination of Tubo and Turkic. The garrison pattern around Tarim region in Tang Dynasty is of practical significance to the governance of Xinjiang. In the new era, southern Xinjiang has become the focus of Xinjiang stability, sufficient armed forces is an important guarantee of stability in southern Xinjiang. At the same time, the practice has proved that the Xinjiang production and Construction Corps can effectively deal with the new characteristics of contemporary Xinjiang splittism and violent terrorist incidents, and has an irreplaceable role in promoting Xinjiang's stability and long-term stability. Therefore, we should persist in the development of the Corps and give full play to its role in maintaining stability and garrisoning the border. In particular, it is necessary to further improve the layout of the Southern Xinjiang Corps, strengthen the armed forces of the Southern Xinjiang Corps, and speed up the urbanization process of the Southern Xinjiang Corps.
【學位授予單位】：石河子大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K242;D691
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