【摘要】：以家庭為核心,建立在血緣或婚姻基礎(chǔ)上的親屬關(guān)系作為老年人獲得精神贍養(yǎng)的重要渠道,發(fā)揮著其他養(yǎng)老支持形式無可替代的作用�？v觀中國家庭發(fā)展史,近幾十年,隨著流動社會的發(fā)展以及市場經(jīng)濟的興起,中國的親屬關(guān)系也正在變得松散和不穩(wěn)定,個人失去了傳統(tǒng)的來自于家庭、宗族等關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)的支持,有必要去思考這些親屬關(guān)系的個體化趨勢對老年人精神贍養(yǎng)造成了什么影響以及如何在個體化進程中降低老年人晚年精神贍養(yǎng)不穩(wěn)定的風(fēng)險。筆者在對聊城市斗虎屯鎮(zhèn)張滿村家庭關(guān)系與老年人精神贍養(yǎng)進行研究的過程中,主要采用了文獻研究、深入訪談、參與觀察等研究方法。筆者首先對學(xué)術(shù)界現(xiàn)有的相關(guān)文獻進行回顧,為個體化與親屬關(guān)系,以及親屬關(guān)系與老年人精神贍養(yǎng)問題尋求理論支持,然后通過對張滿村進行田野調(diào)查,獲得相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),并通過訪談和參與觀察形成研究個案,進行案例分析,從而論證農(nóng)村親屬關(guān)系的個體化發(fā)展趨勢及其對老年人精神贍養(yǎng)的影響。本研究在理清農(nóng)村親屬關(guān)系的發(fā)展狀況后,發(fā)現(xiàn)在當代社會中,那些在傳統(tǒng)社會中受到性別、家庭、宗族等結(jié)構(gòu)性力量束縛的個體越來越活躍,以家庭為核心的親屬關(guān)系也變得更有獨立性、實踐性和選擇性。年輕的夫妻關(guān)系取代親子關(guān)系成為家庭中的主軸關(guān)系,親屬關(guān)系的遠近也不再是依血緣關(guān)系而注定不變的,自由選擇伴侶成為了一種原則,這些變化都是農(nóng)村中親屬關(guān)系個體化的表現(xiàn),與此同時,習(xí)慣了傳統(tǒng)的老年人在親屬關(guān)系個體化變遷中失去了傳統(tǒng)的權(quán)威與地位,他們來自于親屬關(guān)系的精神贍養(yǎng)也增加了更多的不確定性,因此這種親屬關(guān)系的個體化趨勢也在一定程度上促使著老年人的精神贍養(yǎng)更加依賴于對制度、政策的信任,并朝著能夠發(fā)揚和保持老年人的主體性和主動性的精神贍養(yǎng)模式發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:As an important channel for the elderly to obtain spiritual support, kinship based on blood or marriage plays an irreplaceable role in other forms of old-age support. Throughout the history of family development in China, in recent decades, with the development of the floating society and the rise of the market economy, the kinship relationship in China is becoming loose and unstable, and the individual has lost the traditional family. With the support of clan network, it is necessary to think about the influence of the individualized tendency of these kinship relationships on the spiritual support of the elderly and how to reduce the risk of unstable mental support in the old age in the process of individualization. In the course of the research on the family relationship and the spiritual support of the elderly in Zhangman Village of Douhutun Town in Liaocheng City, the author mainly adopts the research methods of literature research, in-depth interview, participation observation and so on. First, the author reviews the existing relevant literature in academic circles, seeking theoretical support for individualization and kinship, as well as the issue of kinship and spiritual support for the elderly, and then through the field investigation of Zhangman Village, obtain the relevant data. And through interviews and participation observation to form a case study, case analysis, so as to demonstrate the individualized development of rural kinship and its impact on the spiritual support of the elderly. After clarifying the development of the rural kinship relationship, this study found that in the contemporary society, those individuals who are bound by the structural forces of gender, family, clan and so on are becoming more and more active in the modern society. Family-centered kinship has also become more independent, practical and selective. Young couples take the place of parent-child relationships as the mainstay of the family, and the distance and proximity of kinship are no longer destined to remain the same on the basis of consanguinity, and free choice of partner becomes a principle. These changes are all manifestations of individualization of kinship relations in rural areas. At the same time, the elderly, accustomed to the traditional changes in the individualization of kinship relations, have lost their traditional authority and status. Their spiritual support from kinship also increases the uncertainty, so the individualized tendency of kinship also urges the elderly to rely more on the trust of system and policy. And towards the development of the spirit support mode which can carry forward and maintain the subjectivity and initiative of the elderly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D669.6

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