政府養(yǎng)老制度研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-25 07:22
【摘要】：人口老齡化,作為一種社會現(xiàn)象,是經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展到一定階段必然會出現(xiàn)的時代產(chǎn)物。每個人都會經(jīng)歷從年輕到衰老的過程,由此,老齡化關(guān)系著每個個體的發(fā)展。然而,一個社會中老年人口的比例不斷升高,意味著這個龐大的群體創(chuàng)造價值的能力逐漸減弱,其影響會嚴(yán)重沖擊經(jīng)濟以及社會的和諧發(fā)展。因此,采取怎樣的措施來積極應(yīng)對日益嚴(yán)峻的老齡化趨勢所帶來的負面效應(yīng),怎樣切實有效地使社會上需要救助的老年群體得到均等公平的養(yǎng)老服務(wù),成為每個政府亟待解決的社會問題。就我國的實際情況來說,對于老年群體的養(yǎng)老責(zé)任承擔(dān)問題,普遍存在著一個誤區(qū),即養(yǎng)老是獨立的社會群體自身應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任,比如家庭成員,或者養(yǎng)老機構(gòu)等單一主體。這在一定程度上忽視了政府作為管理公共事務(wù)、主導(dǎo)宏觀調(diào)控、進行利益均等分配的社會職能。就目前我國存在的養(yǎng)老模式來看,不論是家庭養(yǎng)老、機構(gòu)養(yǎng)老、居家養(yǎng)老還是新興的以房養(yǎng)老,都只是單純作為養(yǎng)老的方式孤立的存在,而如何能使各種養(yǎng)老模式在現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)揮其根本性的作用,政府的養(yǎng)老職責(zé)不容忽視。在政府履行養(yǎng)老職責(zé)的現(xiàn)實考察中,有部分省份根據(jù)本省人口結(jié)構(gòu)和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,因地制宜的出臺了不少為老服務(wù)的規(guī)章制度,比如浙江省和江蘇省,有些做法在吸收域外優(yōu)秀經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上更是成為全國首創(chuàng),為其他省份的老年福利政策的制定提供了借鑒價值。但從總體上來說,目前我國還沒有建立起全國范圍內(nèi)的統(tǒng)一的政府養(yǎng)老職責(zé)制度,基于此,筆者萌生了本文的創(chuàng)作理念,希望通過本文的分析論述,能夠為構(gòu)建政府養(yǎng)老職責(zé)制度提供一些理論依據(jù),加速相關(guān)制度的出臺。通過以上分析,筆者分別從以下三大部分來分別闡述在我國構(gòu)建政府養(yǎng)老職責(zé)制度的問題。第一部分：主要是從基礎(chǔ)理論的角度論述政府養(yǎng)老職責(zé)制度。首先,對于現(xiàn)有的我國養(yǎng)老模式進行整體的概述與比較,分析出個各種養(yǎng)老模式的特點以及不足之處,進而引出政府承擔(dān)養(yǎng)老職責(zé)的重要性和必然性；其次,在上述理論的基礎(chǔ)上探討建立政府養(yǎng)老職責(zé)制度的現(xiàn)實意義,這部分內(nèi)容主要從保障公民權(quán)利、健全養(yǎng)老保障體系、符合人口結(jié)構(gòu)和流動需要以及繼承養(yǎng)老傳統(tǒng)四個方面來說明。第二部分：針對上述有關(guān)政府養(yǎng)老職責(zé)制度理論基礎(chǔ)的鋪墊,對我國政府養(yǎng)老制度的現(xiàn)實進行考察。選取在養(yǎng)老保障方面政府發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用已經(jīng)取得實效的浙江省和江蘇省作為案例來進行分析說明。分別從兩個省份在政府養(yǎng)老實踐中形成的主要制度和做法以及吸收借鑒的優(yōu)秀域外經(jīng)驗兩個層次來加以說明。第三部分：這是本文最為重要的制度構(gòu)建設(shè)計部分。主要從以下四個方面來闡述在我國建立統(tǒng)一的政府養(yǎng)老職責(zé)制度的構(gòu)想。首先,從完善政府養(yǎng)老法律保障的角度出發(fā),分別以老年團體參與立法、公民“養(yǎng)老權(quán)”入法以及老年法律援助制度三個方面為出發(fā)點展開論述；其次,就政府多元投入制度來明確政府在養(yǎng)老保障中的資金、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、康復(fù)醫(yī)療等方面的職責(zé)；再次,通過設(shè)置養(yǎng)老服務(wù)準(zhǔn)入制度,來對機構(gòu)養(yǎng)老、居家養(yǎng)老進行完善,與此同時督促政府應(yīng)當(dāng)從提升養(yǎng)老服務(wù)執(zhí)行力等方面加強監(jiān)管；最后,建立完整的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)監(jiān)督評估制度,建立為老服務(wù)監(jiān)督管理機制。結(jié)語是筆者對政府養(yǎng)老職責(zé)制度構(gòu)建所做的集中概括和總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:Population aging, as a kind of social phenomenon, is the time product that the economic society develops to a certain stage inevitably. Everyone experiences a process from young to aging, so that ageing affects every individual's development. However, the rising proportion of middle-aged and old-aged people means that the capacity of this huge population to create value is gradually weakened, and its impact will seriously impact the economy and the harmonious development of society. Therefore, how to take measures to respond positively to the negative effects brought by the increasingly severe aging trend, how to effectively make the elderly population that needs to be rescued in society equally and fairly, becomes a social problem to be solved urgently by every government. In terms of the actual situation of our country, there is a misunderstanding that the old age is the responsibility of the independent social group, such as family members or pension institutions. In some extent, the government has neglected the government as the social function of managing the public affairs, leading the macro-control and distributing the benefit equally. As far as the old-age pension models exist in our country, whether the old-age pension, the old-age pension, the home-aged or the rising old-age pension are only isolated in the form of the old-age pension, how can the various old-age modes play a fundamental role on the existing basis, The government's pension duty cannot be ignored. In the realistic investigation of the government's performance of the aged, some provinces have issued a lot of rules and regulations for the old service according to the population structure and economic development situation of the province, such as Zhejiang Province and Jiangsu Province, Some practices have become the first in the country on the basis of absorbing excellent overseas experience, and provide reference value for the development of the old welfare policy in other provinces. However, in general, China hasn't established a unified government pension duty system nationwide. Based on this, the author has initiated the creative concept of this thesis. It is hoped that through the analysis and discussion in this paper, it can provide some theoretical basis for the construction of the government pension duty system. To speed up the introduction of relevant systems. Through the above analysis, the author expounds the problem of constructing the government pension duty system in China from the following three parts: Part one: It mainly discusses the system of government pension duty from the angle of basic theory. Firstly, the paper gives an overview and comparison of the existing old-age pension mode, analyzes the characteristics and shortcomings of various old-age pension models, and then leads the government to assume the importance and inevitability of the support of the old-age pension; secondly, On the basis of the above theory, the realistic meaning of establishing the government pension duty system is discussed, which is mainly explained from four aspects of guaranteeing the civil rights, perfecting the old-age security system, meeting population structure and mobility needs and inheriting the old-age tradition. The second part is to investigate the reality of the government pension system based on the above-mentioned theoretical foundation of the government's pension duty system. The paper makes an analysis and description of Zhejiang Province and Jiangsu Province, which have been effective in the government's leading role in the support of the old-age insurance. The main systems and practices formed in the practice of government pension from two provinces, as well as the two levels of excellent extraterritorial experience, which are used for reference, are described. Part three: This is the most important system in this paper to construct the design part. This paper mainly discusses the idea of establishing a unified government pension duty system in China from the following four aspects. First of all, from the angle of perfecting the legal guarantee of the government's pension, we take part in the legislation and citizen respectively with the old group. "Right to Aged Care" The article discusses the starting point of the three aspects of the law of entry and the old legal aid system, and then makes clear the responsibility of the government in the aspects of fund, infrastructure, rehabilitation and medical treatment in the security of the old age by means of the multi-system investment system of the government; once again, through setting up the admission system of the old-age service, In order to improve the old-age pension and the old-age pension, the government should strengthen the supervision from the aspects of promoting the execution of the old-age service, and finally, establish a complete system of supervision and evaluation of the old-age service and establish the supervision and management mechanism for the old service. The conclusion is the summary and summary of the author's construction of the government pension duty system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D669.6
本文編號：2293026
[Abstract]:Population aging, as a kind of social phenomenon, is the time product that the economic society develops to a certain stage inevitably. Everyone experiences a process from young to aging, so that ageing affects every individual's development. However, the rising proportion of middle-aged and old-aged people means that the capacity of this huge population to create value is gradually weakened, and its impact will seriously impact the economy and the harmonious development of society. Therefore, how to take measures to respond positively to the negative effects brought by the increasingly severe aging trend, how to effectively make the elderly population that needs to be rescued in society equally and fairly, becomes a social problem to be solved urgently by every government. In terms of the actual situation of our country, there is a misunderstanding that the old age is the responsibility of the independent social group, such as family members or pension institutions. In some extent, the government has neglected the government as the social function of managing the public affairs, leading the macro-control and distributing the benefit equally. As far as the old-age pension models exist in our country, whether the old-age pension, the old-age pension, the home-aged or the rising old-age pension are only isolated in the form of the old-age pension, how can the various old-age modes play a fundamental role on the existing basis, The government's pension duty cannot be ignored. In the realistic investigation of the government's performance of the aged, some provinces have issued a lot of rules and regulations for the old service according to the population structure and economic development situation of the province, such as Zhejiang Province and Jiangsu Province, Some practices have become the first in the country on the basis of absorbing excellent overseas experience, and provide reference value for the development of the old welfare policy in other provinces. However, in general, China hasn't established a unified government pension duty system nationwide. Based on this, the author has initiated the creative concept of this thesis. It is hoped that through the analysis and discussion in this paper, it can provide some theoretical basis for the construction of the government pension duty system. To speed up the introduction of relevant systems. Through the above analysis, the author expounds the problem of constructing the government pension duty system in China from the following three parts: Part one: It mainly discusses the system of government pension duty from the angle of basic theory. Firstly, the paper gives an overview and comparison of the existing old-age pension mode, analyzes the characteristics and shortcomings of various old-age pension models, and then leads the government to assume the importance and inevitability of the support of the old-age pension; secondly, On the basis of the above theory, the realistic meaning of establishing the government pension duty system is discussed, which is mainly explained from four aspects of guaranteeing the civil rights, perfecting the old-age security system, meeting population structure and mobility needs and inheriting the old-age tradition. The second part is to investigate the reality of the government pension system based on the above-mentioned theoretical foundation of the government's pension duty system. The paper makes an analysis and description of Zhejiang Province and Jiangsu Province, which have been effective in the government's leading role in the support of the old-age insurance. The main systems and practices formed in the practice of government pension from two provinces, as well as the two levels of excellent extraterritorial experience, which are used for reference, are described. Part three: This is the most important system in this paper to construct the design part. This paper mainly discusses the idea of establishing a unified government pension duty system in China from the following four aspects. First of all, from the angle of perfecting the legal guarantee of the government's pension, we take part in the legislation and citizen respectively with the old group. "Right to Aged Care" The article discusses the starting point of the three aspects of the law of entry and the old legal aid system, and then makes clear the responsibility of the government in the aspects of fund, infrastructure, rehabilitation and medical treatment in the security of the old age by means of the multi-system investment system of the government; once again, through setting up the admission system of the old-age service, In order to improve the old-age pension and the old-age pension, the government should strengthen the supervision from the aspects of promoting the execution of the old-age service, and finally, establish a complete system of supervision and evaluation of the old-age service and establish the supervision and management mechanism for the old service. The conclusion is the summary and summary of the author's construction of the government pension duty system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D669.6
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相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條
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