【摘要】：建國初,百廢待興,國家經(jīng)濟恢復(fù)與建設(shè)需要大量人才。民國時期培養(yǎng)中等教育程度以上的知識分子約為400萬人,高級知識分子約為6.7萬人。教育界是知識分子云集之所,教育界知識分子身上不可避免地帶有舊社會的烙印,如對馬列主義、毛澤東思想認(rèn)識不清,長期受到資產(chǎn)階級腐朽的思想影響。為了推動建國初文化教育事業(yè)發(fā)展,恢復(fù)國家建設(shè)和經(jīng)濟建設(shè)的需要,如何對他們進(jìn)行改造以最大限度地為新政權(quán)服務(wù),是擺在新政權(quán)面前的一個迫切任務(wù)。1949年北平解放后,經(jīng)過了第一、二次政治學(xué)習(xí)運動,批判《武訓(xùn)傳》、陶行知教育思想、陳鶴琴及“活教育”,學(xué)校深入開展“三反”運動。在改造過程中,運用了群眾運動、批評和自我批評方式,教育界知識分子思想改造具有自覺性、長期性、廣泛性等特點。經(jīng)過教育界知識分子思想改造運動,清除了過去落后的、封建的、腐朽的思想,推動了教育改革的進(jìn)程和步伐,在知識分子中樹立了馬列主義、毛澤東思想的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位,總體上收到了預(yù)期效果。但是由于后期要求“過高過急”,方法簡單粗暴,或多或少挫傷了知識分子的感情和積極性。思想改造首先是自覺地主動地改造,經(jīng)過自我思想斗爭,再結(jié)合一些外部助力,這樣才能收到實效。建國初教育界知識分子思想改造運動對于當(dāng)前制定黨的知識分子政策仍有重要啟示,在全面建成小康社會的進(jìn)程中,應(yīng)當(dāng)充分尊重知識分子的獨立性,增加執(zhí)政黨與知識分子的溝通和協(xié)商,這樣才能最大限度地調(diào)動知識分子的積極性和創(chuàng)造性。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, a great deal of talents were needed for the national economic recovery and construction. During the period of the Republic of China, the number of intellectuals above secondary education was about 4 million, and that of senior intellectuals was about 67000. Education is a gathering place for intellectuals, and the intellectuals in education inevitably bear the brand of the old society, such as Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong thought is not clear, and has been influenced by the decadent bourgeoisie thought for a long time. In order to promote the development of cultural and educational undertakings at the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China and to restore the needs of national construction and economic construction, how to transform them to serve the new regime to the maximum extent is an urgent task facing the new regime. After the liberation of Peiping in 1949, After the first and second political study movement, criticizing "the biography of martial arts", Tao Xingzhi's educational thought, Chen Heqin and "living education", the school carried out the "three evils" movement in depth. In the process of transformation, the methods of mass movement, criticism and self-criticism have been used, and the ideological transformation of intellectuals in the educational circles has the characteristics of consciousness, long term and extensiveness. Through the ideological reform movement of intellectuals in the educational circles, the backward, feudal and decadent ideas of the past have been eliminated, the process and pace of educational reform have been promoted, and the leading positions of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought have been established among the intellectuals. On the whole, the expected results were received. However, due to the late demand "too high and too urgent", the method is simple and rude, more or less hurt the feelings and enthusiasm of intellectuals. First of all, the ideological transformation is to consciously and actively reform, through self-ideological struggle, and then combined with some external help, in order to achieve actual results. At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the ideological reform movement of the intellectuals in the educational circles still has important implications for the formulation of the Party's intellectual policy. In the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way, the independence of the intellectuals should be fully respected. Only by increasing the communication and consultation between the ruling party and the intellectuals can the initiative and creativity of the intellectuals be aroused to the maximum extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌航空大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D663.5

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