人口老齡化背景下廣東省多元化養(yǎng)老模式的探究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-15 18:21
【摘要】：人口結(jié)構(gòu)的老齡化是世界人口發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì),我國(guó)于1999年末也進(jìn)入人口老齡化國(guó)家行列,人口老齡化進(jìn)程的不斷推進(jìn),其對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)的影響也逐漸顯現(xiàn),其中最為棘手的是老齡化社會(huì)下大量老年人的養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì)經(jīng)歷的時(shí)間比較長(zhǎng),社會(huì)財(cái)富能夠得到儲(chǔ)備,其在應(yīng)對(duì)老齡化上相對(duì)中國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)要從容。我國(guó)人口結(jié)構(gòu)老齡化速度迅猛,而且成高齡化趨勢(shì),雖然我國(guó)在近30年的改革開(kāi)放中經(jīng)濟(jì)得到了快速的發(fā)展,但是人口老齡化還是超前于社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,造成了“未富先老”的現(xiàn)象,以何種方式養(yǎng)老成為了社會(huì)成員關(guān)注老齡問(wèn)題的焦點(diǎn)。廣東省作為我國(guó)改革開(kāi)放和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的前沿,珠三角地區(qū)人口結(jié)構(gòu)中有大量是年輕的外來(lái)人口,但即使這樣廣東省也在2013年進(jìn)入了老齡化,雖然廣東的老齡化程度要稍低于全國(guó)人口老齡化的平均水平,但老齡化形勢(shì)依舊嚴(yán)峻。面對(duì)人口老齡化現(xiàn)狀,政府積極探索符合國(guó)情和老年人需求的養(yǎng)老模式,當(dāng)前主流的養(yǎng)老模式有傳統(tǒng)家庭養(yǎng)老模式,社區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老模式和機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)老模式,這三種模式各自特點(diǎn)鮮明,傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)老模式與中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)“養(yǎng)子防老”等養(yǎng)老文化貼合緊密,所以一直是我國(guó)老年人首選模式,但在目前家庭小型化和少子女的現(xiàn)狀下傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)老模式又顯示出一些不足之處；相比傳統(tǒng)家庭養(yǎng)老,機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)老模式能為不同需要層次的老年人提供相應(yīng)的專業(yè)護(hù)理照料,但政府投資的壓力大,養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)門(mén)坎高,；社區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老模式介于其他兩種模式之間,既能滿足老年人對(duì)于來(lái)自家庭精神慰藉的需求,又能滿足老年人對(duì)相對(duì)專業(yè)護(hù)理的要求,但相對(duì)機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)老模式其護(hù)理專業(yè)性較弱。從屬性上來(lái)劃分,這三種模式可以歸結(jié)兩種屬性,自我養(yǎng)老和社會(huì)化養(yǎng)老。本文通過(guò)對(duì)廣東省養(yǎng)老服務(wù)模式的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)合前人的相關(guān)理論與筆者在廣東粵東地區(qū)所做的問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,探究在“未富先老”的背景下,廣東省應(yīng)如何利用好其毗鄰港澳的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力,構(gòu)建和規(guī)劃一個(gè)多元化的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)模式以應(yīng)對(duì)人口結(jié)構(gòu)的老齡化。本文共分為五個(gè)部分,第一部分為研究概述,對(duì)研究的背景,從我國(guó)和廣東省兩個(gè)方面對(duì)人口老齡化的特點(diǎn)和現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析,以及對(duì)研究的問(wèn)題、研究的意義、文獻(xiàn)綜述和研究的方法進(jìn)行闡述,第二部分對(duì)家庭養(yǎng)老模式的概念界定、現(xiàn)狀、類型和優(yōu)勢(shì)不足進(jìn)行分析,第三部分對(duì)社區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老模式的概念、理論基礎(chǔ)、類型和現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,第四部分對(duì)機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)老的概念、服務(wù)的內(nèi)容與現(xiàn)狀、與發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)老情況進(jìn)行梳理比較,第五部分為研究結(jié)果和提出對(duì)策和建議。
[Abstract]:The aging of the population structure is the inevitable trend of the world population development. Our country also entered the ranks of the aging population in the end of 1999. With the continuous advancement of the aging process of the population, its impact on the economy and society has gradually appeared. Among them the most intractable is the aging society under a large number of elderly pension problems developed countries into the aging society for a long time the social wealth can be stored in response to the aging of China should be calm. The population structure of our country is aging rapidly, and the trend of aging is becoming older. Although the economy of our country has developed rapidly in the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the aging of the population is still ahead of the development of social economy. As a result of the phenomenon of "getting old before getting rich", how to provide for the aged has become the focus of social members. Guangdong Province, as the forefront of China's reform, opening up and economic development, has a large number of young immigrants in the population structure of the Pearl River Delta region, but even so, Guangdong Province has also entered an aging age in 2013. Although Guangdong's aging level is slightly below the national average, the aging situation remains grim. In the face of the current situation of aging population, the government actively explores the old-age model that meets the national conditions and the needs of the elderly. At present, the mainstream old-age pension models include the traditional family pension model, the community home old-age care model and the institutional old-age care model. Each of these three models has distinct characteristics. The traditional old-age support model is closely related to the traditional Chinese old-age culture, such as "raising children and preventing the elderly", so it has always been the first choice for the elderly in China. However, under the present situation of family miniaturization and small number of children, the traditional old-age care model shows some shortcomings. Compared with the traditional family old-age care, the institutional old-age care model can provide corresponding professional nursing care for the elderly with different needs. However, the pressure of government investment is high, and the family pension model is between the other two. It can not only meet the needs of the elderly from the family spiritual comfort, but also meet the needs of the elderly for relatively professional care. But its nursing specialty is weaker than the institutional pension model. In terms of attributes, these three models can be attributed to two attributes, self-supporting and socialized. Based on the analysis of the current situation of the old-age service model in Guangdong Province, combining with the relevant theories of predecessors and the questionnaire survey conducted by the author in the eastern part of Guangdong Province, this paper explores the background of "getting old before getting rich". In order to cope with the aging of population structure, Guangdong Province should make good use of its regional advantages and economic strength to construct and plan a diversified service model for the aged. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is an overview of the research, the background of the study, from the two aspects of China and Guangdong Province, the characteristics and current situation of the aging population, as well as the research issues, the significance of the study. The second part defines the concept, the present situation, the type and the superiority insufficiency of the family pension model, the third part is the concept, the theoretical basis of the community home pension model, the second part analyzes the concept, the present situation, the type and the superiority insufficiency of the family pension model. The fourth part is about the concept of institutional old-age care, the content and present situation of service, and the comparison with the situation of institutional old-age care in developed regions. The fifth part is the research results and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D669.6
本文編號(hào)：2273429
[Abstract]:The aging of the population structure is the inevitable trend of the world population development. Our country also entered the ranks of the aging population in the end of 1999. With the continuous advancement of the aging process of the population, its impact on the economy and society has gradually appeared. Among them the most intractable is the aging society under a large number of elderly pension problems developed countries into the aging society for a long time the social wealth can be stored in response to the aging of China should be calm. The population structure of our country is aging rapidly, and the trend of aging is becoming older. Although the economy of our country has developed rapidly in the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the aging of the population is still ahead of the development of social economy. As a result of the phenomenon of "getting old before getting rich", how to provide for the aged has become the focus of social members. Guangdong Province, as the forefront of China's reform, opening up and economic development, has a large number of young immigrants in the population structure of the Pearl River Delta region, but even so, Guangdong Province has also entered an aging age in 2013. Although Guangdong's aging level is slightly below the national average, the aging situation remains grim. In the face of the current situation of aging population, the government actively explores the old-age model that meets the national conditions and the needs of the elderly. At present, the mainstream old-age pension models include the traditional family pension model, the community home old-age care model and the institutional old-age care model. Each of these three models has distinct characteristics. The traditional old-age support model is closely related to the traditional Chinese old-age culture, such as "raising children and preventing the elderly", so it has always been the first choice for the elderly in China. However, under the present situation of family miniaturization and small number of children, the traditional old-age care model shows some shortcomings. Compared with the traditional family old-age care, the institutional old-age care model can provide corresponding professional nursing care for the elderly with different needs. However, the pressure of government investment is high, and the family pension model is between the other two. It can not only meet the needs of the elderly from the family spiritual comfort, but also meet the needs of the elderly for relatively professional care. But its nursing specialty is weaker than the institutional pension model. In terms of attributes, these three models can be attributed to two attributes, self-supporting and socialized. Based on the analysis of the current situation of the old-age service model in Guangdong Province, combining with the relevant theories of predecessors and the questionnaire survey conducted by the author in the eastern part of Guangdong Province, this paper explores the background of "getting old before getting rich". In order to cope with the aging of population structure, Guangdong Province should make good use of its regional advantages and economic strength to construct and plan a diversified service model for the aged. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is an overview of the research, the background of the study, from the two aspects of China and Guangdong Province, the characteristics and current situation of the aging population, as well as the research issues, the significance of the study. The second part defines the concept, the present situation, the type and the superiority insufficiency of the family pension model, the third part is the concept, the theoretical basis of the community home pension model, the second part analyzes the concept, the present situation, the type and the superiority insufficiency of the family pension model. The fourth part is about the concept of institutional old-age care, the content and present situation of service, and the comparison with the situation of institutional old-age care in developed regions. The fifth part is the research results and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D669.6
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 薛青;上海市機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)老與居家養(yǎng)老受養(yǎng)者比較研究[D];上海工程技術(shù)大學(xué);2014年
，本文編號(hào)：2273429
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