【摘要】：國際關(guān)系認(rèn)知理論的一個(gè)核心觀點(diǎn)是決策者的錯(cuò)誤知覺引發(fā)了國家間沖突,然而,錯(cuò)誤知覺與沖突之間并非線性的因果關(guān)系,傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)知理論未能對(duì)錯(cuò)誤知覺引發(fā)沖突的具體條件做出清晰的界定。而從認(rèn)知的另一個(gè)來源——身份出發(fā),也許可以給出更可靠的答案,議題身份概念的提出則有助于理解錯(cuò)誤知覺與沖突之間的關(guān)系。議題身份是指行為體在就具體議題進(jìn)行互動(dòng)時(shí)被激活的身份,代表了行為體相對(duì)于互動(dòng)他者的議題認(rèn)知和信念體系。行為體圍繞議題展開互動(dòng),在不同議題中具有不同的議題身份。議題身份對(duì)認(rèn)知過程具有兩種影響:一是賦予行為體在議題中的認(rèn)知偏好和適當(dāng)性信念,影響錯(cuò)誤知覺的形成;二是確定行為體在議題中的利益。這種利益界定決定了行為體對(duì)互動(dòng)議題的敏感程度,進(jìn)而構(gòu)成沖突發(fā)生的條件。行為體對(duì)議題的敏感性越高,其依據(jù)錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)知展開行動(dòng)的動(dòng)機(jī)就越強(qiáng)烈,采取對(duì)抗性手段維護(hù)利益的可能性就越大,因此沖突爆發(fā)的可能性也就越大。近年來中美在南海航行自由問題中的錯(cuò)誤知覺之所以呈現(xiàn)出向沖突轉(zhuǎn)化的明顯態(tài)勢(shì),并有可能引發(fā)地區(qū)沖突,其根源在于雙方圍繞該議題所產(chǎn)生的議題身份決定了互動(dòng)過程中的高度敏感性。
[Abstract]:One of the core points of the cognitive theory of international relations is that the error perception of decision makers causes conflicts between countries. However, there is a nonlinear causal relationship between error perception and conflict. Traditional cognitive theory fails to clearly define the specific conditions under which false perception leads to conflict. From the perspective of identity, another source of cognition, a more reliable answer may be given, and the concept of topic identity can help to understand the relationship between false perception and conflict. Subject identity refers to the identity that actors are activated when they interact on specific issues, representing the subject cognition and belief system of actors relative to the interactive others. Actors interact around issues and have different subject identities in different issues. Topic identity has two effects on cognitive process: one is to endow the actor with cognitive preference and appropriateness belief in the topic, and the other is to determine the interests of the actor in the topic. This definition of interest determines the sensitivity of actors to interactive issues, and then constitutes the conditions for conflict to occur. The higher the sensitivity of actors to issues, the stronger the motivation to act on the basis of false cognition, and the more likely they are to take confrontational measures to safeguard their interests, so the more likely conflicts will break out. In recent years, the erroneous perception of the freedom of navigation between China and the United States in the South China Sea has taken on an obvious trend of turning to conflict, which may lead to regional conflicts. The root of this problem is that the identity of the two sides determines the sensitivity of the interaction.
【作者單位】： 外交學(xué)院;
【分類號(hào)】：D815

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