【摘要】：從20世紀70年代末起,在經(jīng)濟、社會和思想文化等因素交織的大背景下,福利依賴問題在美國引發(fā)了普遍關(guān)注并在福利改革的討論中占據(jù)了核心位置。這一時期出現(xiàn)的福利依賴問題并非之前福利擴張導(dǎo)致的現(xiàn)實結(jié)果與社會事實,而是被建構(gòu)出來以實現(xiàn)福利的保守主義觀點的工具。美國福利討論的參與者絕大多數(shù)回避對福利依賴概念的分析和界定,強調(diào)福利依賴的主觀層面而忽視客觀層面,把福利依賴的負面后果等同于福利依賴本身,把所有福利領(lǐng)取者看成行為有問題的"依賴階級",通過上述四點策略,福利依賴被成功地建構(gòu)為急需應(yīng)對的社會問題。建構(gòu)福利依賴問題不但污名化了福利領(lǐng)取者,而且導(dǎo)致對福利國家的大肆批判,最終使美國福利改革的探討進入了誤區(qū)。
[Abstract]:Since the late 1970s, under the background of economic, social, ideological and cultural factors, welfare dependence has aroused widespread concern in the United States and occupied a central position in the discussion of welfare reform. The problem of welfare dependence in this period is not the actual result and social fact caused by the expansion of welfare, but the tool of conservatism which is constructed to realize welfare. Most participants in welfare discussions in the United States avoid analyzing and defining the concept of welfare dependence, emphasizing the subjective aspect of welfare dependence and neglecting the objective aspect, and equating the negative consequences of welfare dependence with welfare dependence itself. All welfare recipients are regarded as "dependent classes" with questionable behavior. Through the above four strategies, welfare dependence is successfully constructed as a social problem that needs to be dealt with urgently. The construction of welfare dependence not only stigmatizes the welfare recipients, but also leads to the criticism of the welfare state, and finally makes the discussion of the welfare reform in the United States into a misunderstanding.
【作者單位】： 四川大學(xué)公共管理學(xué)院;
【基金】：教育部人文社會科學(xué)青年項目(16YJC840032)
【分類號】：D771.2
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本文編號：2221502