【摘要】：20世=紀(jì)70年代以來(lái),人口老齡化逐漸成為全球范圍內(nèi)的普遍趨勢(shì),我國(guó)是在1999年進(jìn)入人口老齡型社會(huì),現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為世界上老年人口總數(shù)最多、老齡化速度最快的國(guó)家,而安徽省的老齡化程度已遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于全國(guó)水平。人口老齡化的加劇,給社會(huì)帶來(lái)的最大挑戰(zhàn)就是老年人的養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題。隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和城市化現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程的加快,傳統(tǒng)的家庭養(yǎng)老已經(jīng)滿足不了當(dāng)今老年人的養(yǎng)老需要,機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)老又由于床位數(shù)量有限,費(fèi)用較高,設(shè)施和環(huán)境較差等原因也無(wú)法滿足廣大老年人的養(yǎng)老需求。因此,在這種背景下,社區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老就成為了廣大老年人首選的養(yǎng)老方式。社區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老既能彌補(bǔ)當(dāng)今子女對(duì)老年人照顧的不足,又能充分利用社區(qū)的人力、財(cái)力、物力資源,滿足老年人在熟悉的環(huán)境中度過(guò)晚年的愿望。發(fā)展社區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)不僅能滿足廣大老年人的養(yǎng)老需求,也能解決子女的后顧之憂,有助于推動(dòng)和諧社區(qū)和諧社會(huì)的發(fā)展,選擇社區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老逐漸成為一種必然的趨勢(shì)。本研究主要以福利多元理論、社區(qū)照顧理論和需求層次理論為指導(dǎo),通過(guò)定性研究與定量研究相結(jié)合、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查法和訪談法的研究方式對(duì)安徽省馬鞍山市的礦院社區(qū)和翠湖社區(qū)的社區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)情況進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)查,深入了解目前社區(qū)內(nèi)老年入的養(yǎng)老需求和社區(qū)所提供的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)模式現(xiàn)狀,在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)馬鞍山城市社區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析和反思,剖析其問(wèn)題存在的根源；最后,通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)外社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)模式的借鑒,提出適合安做省城市社區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的對(duì)策和建議。研究顯示,由于老年人的自身狀況和社會(huì)背景的原因,老年人對(duì)社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的需求主要為：醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)、精神文化服務(wù)和物質(zhì)生活服務(wù)。在醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)中,老年人隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)和身體各項(xiàng)機(jī)能的下降,如何保持身體健康是他們最關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。在精神文化服務(wù)中,老年人最希望社區(qū)為他們提供的服務(wù)是文體活動(dòng)、心理健康咨詢、法律咨詢、老年教育等方面。在物質(zhì)生活服務(wù)中,老年人最希望社區(qū)為他們提供的服務(wù)主要有：生活用品代購(gòu)、飲食起居、衛(wèi)生清潔、戶外陪同等。但由于當(dāng)前馬鞍山市乃至整個(gè)安徽省的城市社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)事業(yè)才剛起步,老年人對(duì)社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的意識(shí)還不夠明確,社區(qū)服務(wù)設(shè)施尚不完善,社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)管理不規(guī)范,已有的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)設(shè)施也都沒(méi)有明確的功能定位,對(duì)服務(wù)人員的素質(zhì)也沒(méi)有一定的要求,社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)滿足不了老年人的養(yǎng)老需求,這就導(dǎo)致造成了社區(qū)養(yǎng)老資源的浪費(fèi),社區(qū)尚未能充分發(fā)揮在居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)方面的作用。通過(guò)對(duì)馬鞍山城市社區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)發(fā)展緩慢的原因分析,我們認(rèn)為,觀念、政策、資金、設(shè)備和人才是制約發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵性因素。要想發(fā)展好城市社區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù),必須從提高社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的思想意識(shí),完善社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的相關(guān)政策,開(kāi)發(fā)多元化的資金融入渠道,加快社區(qū)基礎(chǔ)服務(wù)設(shè)施建設(shè),提高社區(qū)服務(wù)人員的專業(yè)化素質(zhì)等方面著手,構(gòu)建符合實(shí)際需求的社區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù),滿足老年人各方面的需求,提高老年人的生活質(zhì)量,更好地應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化背景下的養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:Since the 20th century = 1970s, population aging has gradually become a universal trend in the world. China entered an aging society in 1999, and now has become the country with the largest number of elderly people and the fastest aging rate in the world. The degree of population aging in Anhui Province has been far higher than the national level. With the development of social economy and the acceleration of urbanization modernization, the traditional family pension can not meet the needs of the elderly nowadays, and the institutional pension can not meet the needs of the elderly due to the limited number of beds, higher costs, poor facilities and environment. Therefore, in this context, community home-based pension has become the preferred way for the elderly. Community home-based pension can not only make up for the inadequacy of children's care for the elderly, but also make full use of the community's human, financial and material resources to meet the elderly's desire to spend their old age in a familiar environment. The development of community home care services can not only meet the needs of the elderly, but also solve their children's worries. It is helpful to promote the development of a harmonious community. The choice of community home care has gradually become an inevitable trend. Guidance, through the combination of qualitative and quantitative research, questionnaire survey and interview methods of research on the community home care services of Mining Institute community and Cuihu community in Maanshan City, Anhui Province, field survey, in-depth understanding of the current needs of the elderly in the community and the status of community-based care services provided by the elderly, here On the basis of the analysis and reflection of the problems existing in Ma'anshan urban community home-based old-age care, analyze the root causes of the problems; finally, through the reference of foreign community-based old-age care service model, put forward the countermeasures and suggestions for urban community home-based old-age care services in Ando Province. The main reasons for the elderly's demand for community pension services are: medical care services, spiritual and cultural services and material life services. Hope the community to provide them with services are sports activities, mental health counseling, legal counseling, education for the elderly and so on. In the material life services, the elderly most hope the community to provide them with services are: daily necessities on behalf of the purchase, eating and living, sanitation and cleanliness, outdoor escort and so on. Urban community service for the aged has just started, the elderly's awareness of community service for the aged is not clear enough, the community service facilities are not perfect, the management of community service for the aged is not standardized, the existing service facilities for the aged are not clear functional orientation, the quality of service personnel is not certain requirements, community service for the aged. This leads to the waste of community endowment resources and the failure of the community to give full play to its role in home-based endowment services. Through the analysis of the reasons for the slow development of home-based endowment services in urban communities in Ma'anshan, we believe that concepts, policies, funds, equipment and talents are the key to restricting development. In order to develop the urban community home care service, we must improve the ideological awareness of community care service, improve the relevant policies of community care service, develop diversified channels of fund integration, speed up the construction of community infrastructure services, improve the professional quality of community service personnel, and so on, to build a community service in line with the actual needs. The community home-based pension service can meet the needs of all aspects of the elderly, improve the quality of life of the elderly, and better cope with the aging of the population.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D669.6

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