【摘要】：政府的本質(zhì)在于提供公共服務(wù),滿足公共需求,但政府不一定直接生產(chǎn)公共服務(wù),也可以向私人部門、第三部門“購(gòu)買”公共服務(wù)。政府購(gòu)買是指政府為履行公共服務(wù)職能,以契約方式按照公開、公平、公正的方式和程序?qū)⒁徊糠止卜⻊?wù)事務(wù)交由符合條件的社會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu)承擔(dān),并依據(jù)服務(wù)的數(shù)量與質(zhì)量向其支付費(fèi)用。青少年社區(qū)教育是面向社區(qū)內(nèi)青少年群體開展的各種形式的教育活動(dòng),旨在服務(wù)青少年成長(zhǎng)成才,服務(wù)社區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。但現(xiàn)有的青少年社區(qū)教育服務(wù)形式單一,難以滿足社區(qū)居民多元化的學(xué)習(xí)需求。以合同外包、憑證制等方式購(gòu)買青少年社區(qū)教育服務(wù)順應(yīng)了社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期的社會(huì)變化,契合了教育治理的現(xiàn)實(shí)要求,將有效緩解社區(qū)教育的供需矛盾,推動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)型社會(huì)的建構(gòu)。政府購(gòu)買青少年社區(qū)教育服務(wù)在南京、無(wú)錫等多地已取得實(shí)效,杭州的教育券模式更是取得了長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展。但政府、社會(huì)組織、社會(huì)公眾三大利益相關(guān)者之間仍存在參與障礙、制度障礙和能力障礙,讓政府購(gòu)買陷入了困境,具體表現(xiàn)在:購(gòu)買方職能轉(zhuǎn)變?nèi)沃囟肋h(yuǎn)、承接方參與能力有待提高、學(xué)習(xí)者參與意識(shí)有待加強(qiáng)、第三方監(jiān)督評(píng)估能力薄弱四個(gè)方面。究其成因,既有管理制度、保障機(jī)制缺失等政治因素,也有資金短缺等經(jīng)濟(jì)因素,也有認(rèn)知不足、認(rèn)知偏差等社會(huì)因素,更有績(jī)效評(píng)估有效性不足等技術(shù)因素。政府購(gòu)買青少年社區(qū)教育服務(wù)的出路在于政府、社會(huì)組織、社會(huì)公眾三方的全面改革,包括轉(zhuǎn)變政府觀念、健全法律法規(guī)、加強(qiáng)社會(huì)組織能力建設(shè)等等。
[Abstract]:The essence of government is to provide public services and meet public needs, but the government does not necessarily directly produce public services, but can also "buy" public services from the private sector and the third sector. Government purchase means that in order to perform the functions of public service, the government, in accordance with the open, fair and just manner and procedure, will hand over part of the public service affairs to the eligible social organization by way of contract. And according to the quantity and quality of the service to pay their fees. Juvenile community education is a kind of educational activities aimed at young people in the community. It aims to serve the growth of young people and the sustainable development of the community. However, the existing youth community education service form is single, it is difficult to meet the diverse learning needs of community residents. The purchase of community education services for teenagers by contract outsourcing and voucher system conforms to the social changes in the period of social transformation, meets the practical requirements of educational governance, and will effectively alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of community education and promote the construction of a learning society. In Nanjing and Wuxi, the government has made great achievements in purchasing community education service for young people, and Hangzhou's education voucher model has made great progress. However, there are still barriers to participation, institutional barriers and ability barriers among the three major stakeholders of the government, social organizations and the public, which make the government purchase into a dilemma, which is manifested in: the buyer has a long way to go in the transformation of his functions. The participation ability of the undertaking should be improved, the learner's participation consciousness should be strengthened, and the third party's ability to supervise and evaluate is weak. There are not only political factors such as management system, lack of security mechanism, but also economic factors such as shortage of funds, social factors such as cognitive deficiency, cognitive bias, and technical factors such as insufficient effectiveness of performance evaluation and so on. The way out for the government to purchase the community education service for young people lies in the comprehensive reform of the government, social organizations and the public, including changing the concept of the government, perfecting laws and regulations, strengthening the capacity-building of social organizations, and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D669.5

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