烏克蘭危機(jī)視角下的北約與俄羅斯地緣安全博弈
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-01 12:17
【摘要】：北約與俄羅斯地緣安全博弈在烏克蘭問(wèn)題上得到了最明顯的表現(xiàn),在某種程度上可以說(shuō)烏克蘭危機(jī)就是雙方博弈的產(chǎn)物。蘇聯(lián)解體在歐洲大陸上釋放了大片地緣政治空間,北約與俄羅斯不約而同的在這片寬廣的地緣真空帶爭(zhēng)奪勢(shì)力范圍,而烏克蘭恰好位于兩大地緣力量的中間地帶,成為地緣上的"支軸"國(guó)家。受此影響,烏克蘭獨(dú)立后的國(guó)家安全戰(zhàn)略一直在"東"與"西"之間搖擺不定,"中立"與"不結(jié)盟"的對(duì)外政策基本原則沒(méi)有真正落實(shí)。烏克蘭歷任總統(tǒng)對(duì)國(guó)家安全戰(zhàn)略定位差別明顯,其對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略的變化受到兩大地緣力量的牽制并對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)政治產(chǎn)生重大影響,危機(jī)的爆發(fā)不僅破壞了烏克蘭國(guó)家領(lǐng)土主權(quán)的完整,也對(duì)歐洲地區(qū)的安全產(chǎn)生威脅。北約與俄羅斯之間存在結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾,矛盾根源在于雙方在歐洲安全體系構(gòu)建上存在根本分歧。北約在冷戰(zhàn)思維的指導(dǎo)下,以"弱俄""遏俄"為目標(biāo),追求成為未來(lái)歐洲安全體系的主導(dǎo),為此接二連三的向中東歐地區(qū)擴(kuò)大、甚至意圖染指獨(dú)聯(lián)體國(guó)家。而俄羅斯則將獨(dú)聯(lián)體看作是恢復(fù)世界大國(guó)地位的重要"地緣依托"、將中東歐地區(qū)視為俄羅斯與西方的"緩沖帶",認(rèn)為北約沒(méi)有存在的必要,主張與西方建立泛歐的安全體系,俄羅斯在其中發(fā)揮大國(guó)作用。認(rèn)知上的沖突導(dǎo)致雙方地緣安全博弈的升級(jí),烏克蘭的特殊地緣位置及其搖擺不定的對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略成為雙方博弈的焦點(diǎn)。最終,烏克蘭在雙方的博弈中由國(guó)內(nèi)的政治危機(jī)滑向國(guó)際沖突,北約與俄羅斯在歐洲地緣勢(shì)力范圍的爭(zhēng)奪趨向白熱化。鑒此,本文通過(guò)梳理烏克蘭國(guó)家對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略的變化及北約與俄羅斯在地緣安全博弈中對(duì)烏克蘭政策的變化得出幾點(diǎn)結(jié)論:一是,烏克蘭地理位置具有的重要地緣價(jià)值及其地緣戰(zhàn)略的不確定性成為大國(guó)干預(yù)焦點(diǎn),烏克蘭危機(jī)的解決未來(lái)存在一定的變數(shù);二是,北約與俄羅斯的結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾在可見(jiàn)的將來(lái)仍會(huì)存在,歐洲的地緣安全形勢(shì)不容樂(lè)觀;三是,新安全觀對(duì)推動(dòng)雙方甚至國(guó)際安全合作、解決雙方安全沖突具有重要借鑒意義,符合世界潮流、歷史規(guī)律�？傊�,北約與俄羅斯在歐洲大陸上的地緣安全博弈仍將持續(xù)。
[Abstract]:NATO and Russia's geo-security game has got the most obvious manifestation on the Ukraine question. To some extent, the crisis of Ukraine is the result of the game between the two sides. The collapse of the Soviet Union has unleashed a vast geopolitical space on the European continent, with NATO and Russia competing for a sphere of influence in this broad geopolitical vacuum zone, while Ukraine happens to be in the middle of the two major geopolitical forces. To become a geopolitical "pivot" country. Affected by this, Ukraine's national security strategy after independence has been wobbling between "east" and "west", and the basic principles of "neutrality" and "non-alignment" have not really been implemented. Ukraine's successive presidents have distinct differences in the orientation of their national security strategies, and the changes in their foreign strategies have been constrained by two major geopolitical forces and have had a significant impact on domestic politics. The outbreak of the crisis has not only undermined the integrity of Ukraine's national territory and sovereignty, It also poses a threat to the security of the European region. There is a structural contradiction between NATO and Russia, which is rooted in fundamental differences between the two sides on the construction of a European security system. Under the guidance of the Cold War mentality, NATO, aiming at "weak Russia" and "repressing Russia", seeks to become the dominant European security system in the future. For this reason, NATO has been expanding to Central and Eastern Europe one after another, and even intends to become a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Russia, on the other hand, regards the CIS as an important "geographical basis" for restoring its status as a world power, regards the Central and Eastern Europe region as a "buffer zone" between Russia and the West, and considers that NATO does not have to exist, and advocates the establishment of a pan-European security system with the West. Russia plays a major role in it. The cognitive conflict leads to the escalation of the geo-security game between the two sides, and Ukraine's special geographical position and its wobbly foreign strategy become the focus of the game. In the end, in the game between Ukraine and Russia, the domestic political crisis slid to the international conflict, and the rivalry between NATO and Russia in the geographical sphere of influence in Europe became more and more intense. In view of this, this paper draws several conclusions by combing the changes in Ukraine's foreign strategy and the changes in NATO and Russia's policy towards Ukraine in the geopolitical security game: first, The important geo-value of Ukraine's geographical location and the uncertainty of its geo-strategy have become the focus of intervention by the major powers, and there are certain variables in the future for the solution of the crisis in Ukraine; second, The structural contradiction between NATO and Russia will still exist in the foreseeable future, and the geopolitical security situation in Europe is not optimistic. Third, the new security concept has important significance for the promotion of bilateral and even international security cooperation and the resolution of security conflicts between the two sides. In line with the world trend, historical law. All in all, NATO and Russia's geo-security game on the European continent will continue.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D851.13;D851.2;E161
[Abstract]:NATO and Russia's geo-security game has got the most obvious manifestation on the Ukraine question. To some extent, the crisis of Ukraine is the result of the game between the two sides. The collapse of the Soviet Union has unleashed a vast geopolitical space on the European continent, with NATO and Russia competing for a sphere of influence in this broad geopolitical vacuum zone, while Ukraine happens to be in the middle of the two major geopolitical forces. To become a geopolitical "pivot" country. Affected by this, Ukraine's national security strategy after independence has been wobbling between "east" and "west", and the basic principles of "neutrality" and "non-alignment" have not really been implemented. Ukraine's successive presidents have distinct differences in the orientation of their national security strategies, and the changes in their foreign strategies have been constrained by two major geopolitical forces and have had a significant impact on domestic politics. The outbreak of the crisis has not only undermined the integrity of Ukraine's national territory and sovereignty, It also poses a threat to the security of the European region. There is a structural contradiction between NATO and Russia, which is rooted in fundamental differences between the two sides on the construction of a European security system. Under the guidance of the Cold War mentality, NATO, aiming at "weak Russia" and "repressing Russia", seeks to become the dominant European security system in the future. For this reason, NATO has been expanding to Central and Eastern Europe one after another, and even intends to become a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Russia, on the other hand, regards the CIS as an important "geographical basis" for restoring its status as a world power, regards the Central and Eastern Europe region as a "buffer zone" between Russia and the West, and considers that NATO does not have to exist, and advocates the establishment of a pan-European security system with the West. Russia plays a major role in it. The cognitive conflict leads to the escalation of the geo-security game between the two sides, and Ukraine's special geographical position and its wobbly foreign strategy become the focus of the game. In the end, in the game between Ukraine and Russia, the domestic political crisis slid to the international conflict, and the rivalry between NATO and Russia in the geographical sphere of influence in Europe became more and more intense. In view of this, this paper draws several conclusions by combing the changes in Ukraine's foreign strategy and the changes in NATO and Russia's policy towards Ukraine in the geopolitical security game: first, The important geo-value of Ukraine's geographical location and the uncertainty of its geo-strategy have become the focus of intervention by the major powers, and there are certain variables in the future for the solution of the crisis in Ukraine; second, The structural contradiction between NATO and Russia will still exist in the foreseeable future, and the geopolitical security situation in Europe is not optimistic. Third, the new security concept has important significance for the promotion of bilateral and even international security cooperation and the resolution of security conflicts between the two sides. In line with the world trend, historical law. All in all, NATO and Russia's geo-security game on the European continent will continue.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D851.13;D851.2;E161
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