【摘要】：面對老齡化、高齡化的嚴峻挑戰(zhàn),作為全國最早進入老齡化社會的上海市采取了很多辦法來解決各類養(yǎng)老問題。社區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老既能保持家庭養(yǎng)老的傳統(tǒng)和優(yōu)點,又能彌補家庭養(yǎng)老的不足,得到了廣大老年群體及其家人的肯定。上海市從2000年試點實施居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)至今,經(jīng)過了十幾年的發(fā)展,已經(jīng)形成了一定的規(guī)模和效果,解決了老人及其家屬的許多養(yǎng)老問題,成為家庭養(yǎng)老的重要支撐。但在居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的發(fā)展過程中,矛盾和問題伴隨成績和榮譽逐漸顯現(xiàn),制約了上海市居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的進一步發(fā)展,這些問題包括政策調(diào)整銜接存在弊端、居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)資金投入不足、服務(wù)隊伍不穩(wěn)定,從業(yè)人員缺乏專業(yè)培訓(xùn)、居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)評估機制還不完善、居家養(yǎng)老城鄉(xiāng)差異較大等等,尤其是城市和農(nóng)村兩種不同地區(qū)的居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)問題還存在深層次的差異性。本文從上海市城鄉(xiāng)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的角度進行對比,以上海市靜安區(qū)(城市)和奉賢區(qū)(農(nóng)村)為研究對象,結(jié)合上海市居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)現(xiàn)狀,從城市代表靜安區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的現(xiàn)狀、農(nóng)村代表奉賢區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的現(xiàn)狀入手,深入分析上海市城鄉(xiāng)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的實際運作情況和問題,并設(shè)計了上海市居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)調(diào)查問卷,在兩個區(qū)進行了相應(yīng)的抽樣問卷調(diào)查和聊天座談。針對調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題,從上海市的整體層面進行問題分析,并制定出科學(xué)合理的措施和對策,同時,闡述了上海市城鄉(xiāng)之間居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)發(fā)展問題的差異點,并從政府、社會以及家庭三個維度相結(jié)合進行綜合考慮,提出了城鄉(xiāng)之間不同的發(fā)展側(cè)重點,有利于居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的科學(xué)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。本文的創(chuàng)新之處在于針對上海市城鄉(xiāng)不同區(qū)域的居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)情況進行調(diào)查分析,找出兩者間存在問題的差異性,并根據(jù)城鄉(xiāng)間的不同問題總結(jié)了上海市城鄉(xiāng)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)發(fā)展的不同側(cè)重點,在條件相似的城市和農(nóng)村具有一定的復(fù)制效應(yīng),為其他地區(qū)的居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)發(fā)展提供決策參考。
[Abstract]:In the face of the severe challenge of aging and aging, Shanghai, as the earliest aging society in China, has taken many measures to solve all kinds of pension problems. Community family pension can not only maintain the tradition and advantages of family pension, but also make up for the shortage of family pension, which has been affirmed by the majority of elderly groups and their families. After more than ten years' development, Shanghai has formed a certain scale and effect from the pilot implementation of the home pension service in 2000, which has solved many problems of the elderly and their families and become an important support for the family pension. However, in the process of the development of home pension service, contradictions and problems gradually appear along with the achievements and honours, which restrict the further development of home pension service in Shanghai. These problems include the malpractice of policy adjustment and convergence. Inadequate investment in home pension services, unstable service teams, lack of professional training for practitioners, imperfect evaluation mechanisms for home pension services, large differences between urban and rural areas, and so on. Especially, there are deep differences between urban and rural areas. From the perspective of urban and rural old-age care services in Shanghai, this paper takes Jing'an District (city) and Fengxian District (rural area) as research objects, combined with the current situation of home pension service in Shanghai. Starting from the current situation of the home pension service in Jingan District, the present situation of the home pension service in Fengxian District, and the analysis of the actual operation and problems of the home pension service in the urban and rural areas of Shanghai, this paper analyzes the current situation of the old-age care service in the urban and rural areas of Shanghai. The questionnaire of home pension service in Shanghai was designed, and the sampling questionnaire and chat were carried out in two districts. In view of the problems found in the investigation, the problems are analyzed from the overall level of Shanghai, and scientific and reasonable measures and countermeasures are worked out. At the same time, the differences in the development of home pension services between urban and rural areas in Shanghai are expounded, and the differences between the government and the government are also discussed. Combining the three dimensions of society and family, this paper puts forward the different development emphases between urban and rural areas, which is conducive to the scientific and sustainable development of home care for the aged. The innovation of this paper is to investigate and analyze the situation of home pension service in different areas of Shanghai, and find out the difference between them. According to the different problems between urban and rural areas, this paper summarizes the different emphases of urban and rural old-age service development in Shanghai, and has a certain replicating effect in the similar cities and rural areas, which provides a decision-making reference for the development of home old-age care services in other areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D669.6

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