本文選題：韓國現(xiàn)代化 + 政府干預(yù)　； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：一個(gè)國家的現(xiàn)代化主要表現(xiàn)為從傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)向現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的物質(zhì)的、制度的和觀念上的進(jìn)化,即經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)代化、政治現(xiàn)代化和文化現(xiàn)代化。其中,經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)代化包括經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和工業(yè)化,在宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域體現(xiàn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)總量、經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、科技水平等各方面的進(jìn)步,是制度進(jìn)步和觀念進(jìn)步的基礎(chǔ),而政治現(xiàn)代化和文化現(xiàn)代化對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)代化又起到著重要的反作用。政治現(xiàn)代化表現(xiàn)為政體民主化、政府清廉度提升、社會(huì)法制程度加深等等。而文化現(xiàn)代化表現(xiàn)為教育的普及、創(chuàng)新精神的盛行、自由、理性、科學(xué)、平等等觀念的廣泛認(rèn)可等等。20世紀(jì)60年代起,韓國由一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)瀕臨崩潰、資源極度匱乏的落后農(nóng)業(yè)國,通過三十多年的努力,迅速成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)新興的工業(yè)化國家,走完了西方國家花費(fèi)上百年完成的工業(yè)化進(jìn)程,同時(shí)在過程中實(shí)現(xiàn)了政治民主化的轉(zhuǎn)型,教育得到長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展,科技創(chuàng)新之風(fēng)盛行,取得了舉世矚目的巨大成就。本文在結(jié)構(gòu)上主要分為四個(gè)部分。第一部分首先以學(xué)者的不同研究角度為分類依據(jù),詳細(xì)闡述了關(guān)于韓國現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀;其次,考察了現(xiàn)代化概念的基本含義與現(xiàn)代化理論的主要觀點(diǎn),對(duì)現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)行了概念的界定。第二部分以政治格局的巨變、經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)略的轉(zhuǎn)向以及其他重大事件為分階段依據(jù),將韓國現(xiàn)代化歷程分為威權(quán)政府統(tǒng)治下的現(xiàn)代化起飛階段、自由市場(chǎng)機(jī)制下的現(xiàn)代化騰飛階段以及深度改革創(chuàng)新后的現(xiàn)代化突破階段,從國際因素、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、思想教育等方面,多角度、多方位梳理總結(jié)了影響韓國現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程的政策舉措與相應(yīng)成效。第三部分從亮點(diǎn)與不足兩個(gè)方面,提煉分析了韓國現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展進(jìn)程中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與教訓(xùn)。經(jīng)驗(yàn)主要體現(xiàn)在韓國政府在現(xiàn)代化中發(fā)揮了重要的主導(dǎo)作用,外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)略為韓國現(xiàn)代化提供了源源不斷的發(fā)展動(dòng)力,以及科技創(chuàng)新的不斷突破賦予了韓國日益強(qiáng)大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。教訓(xùn)主要體現(xiàn)在政府某些方面的過度干預(yù)造成了市場(chǎng)機(jī)制的弱化,財(cái)閥過度膨脹積重難返,引發(fā)了一系列社會(huì)不公現(xiàn)象,對(duì)外依賴度過高導(dǎo)致國際市場(chǎng)的變化易沖擊影響韓國國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)。第四部分是本文的重點(diǎn)部分。該部分首先從中國現(xiàn)代化取得的階段性成就與存在的突出問題考察了中國現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀。然后,結(jié)合中國實(shí)際情況與韓國的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),從正確處理政府與市場(chǎng)間關(guān)系,科研創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)國家進(jìn)步,教育發(fā)展提供強(qiáng)大人力支撐、產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)變國家發(fā)展模式、防范過度對(duì)外依賴五個(gè)方面對(duì)中國現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展提出了一些思考與建議。
[Abstract]:The modernization of a country is mainly manifested in the material, institutional and conceptual evolution from the traditional society to the modern society, that is, economic modernization, political modernization and cultural modernization. Among them, economic modernization, including economic growth, economic development and industrialization, is the basis for institutional progress and conceptual progress, which is reflected in the progress of the gross economic volume, the economic structure, and the level of science and technology in the macroeconomic field. Political modernization and cultural modernization play an important role in economic modernization. The political modernization is manifested in the democratization of the polity, the improvement of the clean government, the deepening of the social legal system and so on. And cultural modernization is manifested in the popularization of education, the prevalence of innovation spirit, the widespread acceptance of the concepts of freedom, rationality, science, equality, and so on. Since the 1960s, Korea has been a backward agricultural country with an economy on the verge of collapse and an extreme shortage of resources. After more than 30 years of efforts, they quickly grew into a newly industrialized country, and completed the industrialization process that the Western countries completed in hundreds of years. At the same time, they realized the transformation of political democratization and the rapid development of education in the process. The wind of science and technology innovation is prevailing, has obtained the tremendous achievement that attracts worldwide attention. The structure of this paper is divided into four parts. The first part, based on the different research angles of scholars, elaborates the current situation of the research on the development of Korean modernization at home and abroad. Secondly, it examines the basic meaning of the concept of modernization and the main viewpoints of the theory of modernization. The concept of modernization is defined. The second part divides the process of Korean modernization into the take-off stage under the rule of authoritarian government on the basis of the great change of political pattern, the turn of economic strategy and other important events. The stage of modernization taking off under the free market mechanism and the stage of modernization breakthrough after deep reform and innovation, from international factors, economic, political, ideological education, and other aspects, This paper summarizes the policy measures and corresponding results that affect the process of Korean modernization. The third part abstracts and analyzes the experiences and lessons in the process of Korean modernization development from two aspects: bright spot and deficiency. The experience is mainly reflected in the fact that the Korean government has played an important leading role in modernization, and the export-oriented economic strategy has provided a continuous development power for South Korea's modernization. And the continuous breakthrough in scientific and technological innovation has given South Korea increasingly strong competitiveness. The lessons are mainly reflected in the weakening of the market mechanism caused by excessive government intervention in certain aspects, and the accumulation of excessive expansion of the chaebol, which has led to a series of social injustices. Overdependence on foreign countries leads to changes in international markets that can easily impact South Korea's domestic economy. The fourth part is the key part of this paper. The first part examines the current situation of China's modernization development from the stage achievements and outstanding problems of China's modernization. Then, according to the actual situation in China and South Korea's experience and lessons, from correctly handling the relationship between the government and the market, scientific research and innovation drive national progress, education development provides strong human support, industrial upgrading changes the national development model. This paper puts forward some thoughts and suggestions on the development of China's modernization from the five aspects of preventing excessive dependence on foreign countries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D731.26

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