本文選題：失獨 + 失獨群體��； 參考：《南昌大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：上世紀(jì)80年代,計劃生育政策成為中國的基本國策。政策實施的積極效果有目共睹。但是,人們卻忽視了在政策實施的背后其實是風(fēng)險暗涌。隨著計劃生育的全面貫徹,中國產(chǎn)生了數(shù)以億計的獨生子女家庭。這些家庭承擔(dān)著人口總量風(fēng)險碎化和轉(zhuǎn)移的責(zé)任,卻又將面臨著碎片化風(fēng)險的大規(guī)模爆發(fā)。獨生子女一旦因疾病死亡或因意外身故,整個家庭將墜入絕望的深淵。這不僅帶給失獨父母經(jīng)濟(jì)和心理上的巨大打擊,從長期來看,更嚴(yán)重影響他們的可持續(xù)生計。不幸的是,隨著計劃生育政策實施周期的拉長,失獨家庭的數(shù)量和規(guī)模逐年增加,正在形成一個龐大的失獨群體。根據(jù)衛(wèi)生部發(fā)布的《2010中國衛(wèi)生統(tǒng)計年鑒》的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,中國現(xiàn)有失獨家庭總量已經(jīng)超過百萬,并且逐年增加。失獨群體是計劃生育政策的執(zhí)行者和響應(yīng)者,不應(yīng)該獨自承擔(dān)政策帶來的負(fù)面效應(yīng),更不應(yīng)該獨自面對未來經(jīng)濟(jì)、生活特別是醫(yī)療和養(yǎng)老等方面的新的社會風(fēng)險。國家和政府有責(zé)任關(guān)注和保護(hù)這一特殊的弱勢群體,而建立失獨群體的社會救助制度更是應(yīng)有之義。對于失獨群體社會救助制度進(jìn)行研究,不但能夠推動我國社會救助制度的不斷完善,而且對于探索中國未來老齡化社會的發(fā)展路徑具有重要的意義。本研究緊緊圍繞失獨群體的生存現(xiàn)狀和當(dāng)前失獨群體的社會救助現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行針對性的分析,希望通過對這兩個問題的討論來研究構(gòu)建失獨群體社會救助制度的路徑選擇。本研究的主要觀點:(1)失獨群體,一個具有明顯中國特色的弱勢群體,在經(jīng)濟(jì)、日常生活和精神方面遭受困境,并且面臨著養(yǎng)老和醫(yī)療兩大風(fēng)險;(2)當(dāng)前失獨群體的社會救助雖然在一定程度上發(fā)揮作用,但是卻存在著碎片化、水平低、單一化、滯后性和定位不明等缺陷;(3)構(gòu)建失獨群體的社會救助制度有利于緩解社會矛盾,預(yù)防社會風(fēng)險,是維護(hù)社會和諧穩(wěn)定和全面建設(shè)小康社會的應(yīng)有之義;(4)構(gòu)建失獨群體的社會救助制度應(yīng)遵循公平性、普遍性與選擇性相結(jié)合、多樣性、政府主導(dǎo)、施救與自救相結(jié)合等原則;(5)失獨群體的社會救助體系主要包含經(jīng)濟(jì)救助、日常生活救助和精神救助;(6)在構(gòu)建失獨群體社會救助制度時應(yīng)當(dāng)注意資金來源、城鄉(xiāng)二元化以及將來與其他社會保障制度的銜接等問題。
[Abstract]:In the 1980 s, family planning policy became China's basic national policy. The positive effect of the policy implementation is obvious to all. However, people ignore the risk behind the implementation of the policy. With the full implementation of family planning, China has produced hundreds of millions of only-child families. These families bear the responsibility of population risk fragmentation and transfer, but will face a large-scale outbreak of fragmentation risk. If an only child dies of illness or accidental death, the family will fall into despair. This has not only dealt a huge financial and psychological blow to parents who have lost their independence, but has also seriously affected their sustainable livelihoods in the long run. Unfortunately, with the extension of family planning policy implementation cycle, the number and size of families without independence is increasing year by year, which is forming a large group. According to data released by the Ministry of Health in the China Health Statistics Yearbook 2010, the total number of families without independence in China has exceeded one million and has increased year by year. The group without independence is the executor and responder of the family planning policy, and should not bear the negative effects brought by the policy alone, let alone face the new social risks in the future economy, life, especially medical treatment and old-age care. The state and government have the responsibility to pay attention to and protect this special vulnerable group, and it is necessary to establish the social assistance system for the group without independence. The research on the social assistance system of the group without independence can not only promote the continuous improvement of the social assistance system of our country, but also have important significance for exploring the development path of the aging society in China in the future. This study focuses on the existing situation of the disenfranchised group and the current situation of social assistance for the deprived group, hoping to study the path choice of constructing the social assistance system of the deprived group through the discussion of these two issues. The main point of this study is that: (1) the group without independence, a vulnerable group with obvious Chinese characteristics, suffers from difficulties in economic, daily life and spiritual aspects. And facing the two major risks of old-age and medical care, although the current social assistance for the disenfranchised group has played a role to a certain extent, there is fragmentation, low level, and singularity. The construction of social assistance system for the group without independence is conducive to alleviating social contradictions and preventing social risks. It is necessary to maintain social harmony and stability and build a well-off society in an all-round way) to construct a social assistance system for the group without independence should follow the principles of fairness, universality and selectivity, diversity and government leadership. The social assistance system of the group without independence mainly includes economic assistance, daily life assistance and spiritual assistance. In the process of constructing the social aid system for the lost independence group, attention should be paid to the sources of funds. The dualization of urban and rural areas and the future convergence with other social security systems and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D632.1;D669.1

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：2009273