本文選題：刑事責任年齡制度 + 未成年人　； 參考：《上海社會科學院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：未成年人刑事責任年齡與未成年人犯罪的規(guī)制效果密切相關,因此要有效控制與預防未成年人犯罪,對未成年人刑事責任年齡進行研究是不可或缺的前提。我國最低刑事責任年齡是14周歲,相對刑事責任年齡是14到16周歲。近年來因校園暴力事件頻發(fā),又引發(fā)我國對刑事責任年齡的爭論。其中一方面是關于是否應當降低最低刑事責任年齡的爭論;另一方面是針對相對刑事責任能力人承擔刑事責任的范圍的爭議。14周歲作為未成年人的刑事責任年齡的下限是否不利于打擊校園暴力?而對于14至16周歲的未成年犯罪人,盡管刑法規(guī)定他們需要對故意殺人、故意傷害致人重傷或死亡、強奸、搶劫、販賣毒品、放火、爆炸、投毒罪承擔刑事責任,但這8種犯罪,到底是僅指8種具體的罪名,還是指包含這8種行為的犯罪行為,從而依據(jù)具體的行為來確定相應的罪名?列舉式立法模式容易遺漏需要負刑事責任的犯罪行為,導致學理上的爭議,解釋之間的矛盾,以及司法認定上的困難。因此,需要對我國的未成年人刑事責任年齡相關規(guī)定進行完善。很多其他國家和地區(qū)都建立了較為完善的刑事責任年齡制度,并對刑事責任年齡進行合理的設置。美國的刑事責任年齡最低起點設置,俄羅斯的相對刑事責任年齡立法模式,香港和臺灣地區(qū)對于年齡較低的少年犯的處罰措施等,都值得我們借鑒。本文引入當前未成年人犯罪的典型案例,指出我國刑事責任年齡制度存在的問題并進行分析。同時,對域外未成年人刑事責任年齡制度予以論述,找出完善我國刑事責任年齡制度的方法:一是針對最低刑事責任年齡過高的問題,應當降低當前我國最低刑事責任年齡;二是針對相對刑事責任能力人承擔刑事責任的范圍問題,需要完善當前的立法模式,明確8種行為的性質(zhì),并對這8種行為進行限定。以便更好地規(guī)制當前未成年人犯罪,保障未成年人的權益。
[Abstract]:The age of juvenile criminal responsibility is closely related to the regulation effect of juvenile delinquency. Therefore, to effectively control and prevent juvenile delinquency, it is an indispensable prerequisite to study the age of juvenile criminal responsibility. The minimum age of criminal responsibility is 14 years old, and the relative age of criminal responsibility is 14 to 16 years old. In recent years, due to the frequent campus violence, the age of criminal responsibility has been debated in our country. On the one hand, there is a debate on whether the minimum age of criminal responsibility should be lowered; On the other hand, whether the lower limit of the age of criminal responsibility for minors is not conducive to combating school violence, is the range of criminal responsibility of the relative criminal responsibility person controversial. 14 years of age as the minimum age of criminal responsibility of minors? And for minors between 14 and 16 years of age, although the criminal law stipulates that they should be held criminally liable for the crimes of wilful homicide, intentional injury, causing serious injury or death, rape, robbery, drug trafficking, arson, explosion, and poisoning. However, whether these eight kinds of crimes refer to only eight specific crimes or the criminal acts that contain the eight kinds of acts, so as to determine the corresponding charges according to the specific acts? It is easy to omit the criminal acts that require criminal responsibility in the model of enumerative legislation, which leads to theoretical disputes, contradictions between interpretations, and difficulties in judicial determination. Therefore, it is necessary to perfect the relevant provisions of the age of criminal responsibility of minors in our country. Many other countries and regions have established a relatively perfect age system of criminal responsibility and set the age of criminal responsibility reasonably. The setting of the minimum age of criminal responsibility in the United States, the legislative model of relative age of criminal responsibility in Russia, and the punishment measures for younger juvenile offenders in Hong Kong and Taiwan are all worthy of our reference. This paper introduces the typical cases of juvenile delinquency and points out the problems existing in the age system of criminal responsibility in China. At the same time, it discusses the system of the age of criminal responsibility of minors abroad, and finds out the methods to perfect the age system of criminal responsibility of our country: first, aiming at the problem of excessive minimum age of criminal responsibility, we should reduce the minimum age of criminal responsibility at present in our country; Secondly, aiming at the scope of criminal responsibility of the person with relative criminal responsibility, it is necessary to perfect the current legislative model, to clarify the nature of the eight acts, and to limit the eight acts. In order to better regulate the current juvenile delinquency, protect the rights and interests of minors.
【學位授予單位】：上海社會科學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D924.3;D669.5

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本文編號：1998386