本文選題：一黨獨大 + 有限競爭�。� 參考：《中共中央黨�！�2015年博士論文

【摘要】：學界對于新加坡案例的關注熱潮主要源于它在儒家文化背景下取得了舉世矚目的發(fā)展成果,同時也源于它在西方自由民主大行其道的背景下選擇了不同的民主道路。筆者的關切在于新加坡案例是否在某種意義上提供了一種對于民主模式的不同的評判標準和思考路徑?眾所周知,現(xiàn)代民主政治在程序上的實現(xiàn)基礎是普遍的選舉制。拋開形式上的差異,選舉實質(zhì)上是一種競爭。隨著現(xiàn)代政黨的產(chǎn)生,政治競爭的主要載體就變成了各個政黨。因此,可以簡單地說現(xiàn)代民主政治就是不同的政黨相互競爭以獲得選民支持,從而掌握國家權力并推行其執(zhí)政理念的過程。所以競爭可以被視為理解現(xiàn)代民主政治的一個關鍵詞。同樣是政治競爭,但是不同國家的政治競爭(主要是政黨競爭)在程度上存在著差異。筆者認為政治競爭的程度劃分可以為我們提供一個重新理解民主標準的新視角。政治競爭(主要是政黨間競爭)在程度上呈現(xiàn)出連續(xù)譜狀的分布。依據(jù)競爭激烈程度的不同可以分為沒有競爭、有限競爭、無限競爭和無序競爭這樣基本的四種類型�，F(xiàn)代民主政治中各國的政治實踐主要是有限競爭和無限競爭間的差異,完全的沒有競爭和缺失基本憲法框架的無序競爭已經(jīng)較少存在。筆者認為相較于無限競爭,有限競爭具有能夠克服非理性選民帶來的不良政策選擇;增加政策的連續(xù)性;促進社會的整合等方面的優(yōu)勢。通過分析新加坡的政治結構,筆者認為新加坡一黨獨大的政黨體制屬于有限競爭類型。正是上述有限競爭所具有的這些優(yōu)勢促使新加坡取得了發(fā)展上的奇跡。包括新加坡在內(nèi)的大量第三波浪潮中轉型的新興國家的案例說明,對于民主的評判不能簡單地照搬西方的民主標準,民主的實現(xiàn)形式也不能簡單地照抄西方的代議制民主模式,而是需要依據(jù)國情的不同而有所選擇。選擇何種民主模式最終的判斷依據(jù)應該是政府的治理效果,或者說政府的“善治”。新加坡作為政府“善治”的一個好樣板,它的獨特的政黨間競爭關系對于新加坡政治的發(fā)展具有重要的推動作用。因此,以新加坡為例,通過分析它的政黨制度以及政黨間競爭關系對于我們進一步思考民主的實現(xiàn)形式有著重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。新加坡的政黨制度屬于一黨獨大政黨制度,政黨之間是一種有限政治競爭關系。本文所要回答的問題是,這種有限政治競爭在新加坡政治中是如何從制度結構上體現(xiàn)的?新加坡為何會形成這種有限政治競爭的模式?新加坡有限政治競爭的效果如何?它是否具有某種意義的普遍性?基于對這些問題的思考,文章分為了五個部分,第一個部分是理論分析,主要介紹不同的政黨競爭類型與民主的關系,說明有限競爭所存在的價值;第二部分介紹了新加坡有限競爭的發(fā)展歷程,從歷史縱向脈絡分析其有限競爭的發(fā)展和演變;第三部分主要是從行為者主體角度,也即從執(zhí)政黨、反對黨和選民這三類主要的政治行為者角度討論新加坡有限競爭在制度框架上是如何體現(xiàn)的;第四部分著重思考新加坡有限競爭背后的政治價值基礎;第五部分作為文章的結論部分,分析了有限競爭為新加坡政治發(fā)展所帶來的價值,新加坡有限競爭在新時代所遇到的挑戰(zhàn)以及有限政治競爭對于后發(fā)展國家民主政治的啟示等內(nèi)容。總之,新加坡作為一個獨特的樣本,它成功的政黨間有限競爭樣式為我們提供了一個重新思考政黨體制與民主模式的新視角。
[Abstract]:The concern of the academic community in Singapore is mainly due to its remarkable development in the context of Confucian culture. It also stems from the choice of different democratic roads in the context of liberal democracy in the West. The concern of the case of Singapore is whether the Singapore case has provided a kind of democracy in a sense. The different criteria and thinking path of the model? As we all know, the basis of the realization of modern democratic politics is the universal electoral system. The election is a kind of competition in essence. With the emergence of modern political parties, the main carrier of political competition becomes all political parties. Therefore, it is simple to say modern democracy. Politics is the process that different political parties compete with each other to gain the support of the voters, so as to master the power of the state and carry out their ruling ideas. So competition can be regarded as a key word for understanding modern democracy. It is also a political competition, but the political competition in different countries (the main party competition) is different in degree. The extent of the level of political competition can provide a new perspective for us to reunderstand the standards of democracy. Political competition (mainly inter party competition) shows a continuous distribution in degree. According to the different degree of competition, the basic four can be divided into no competition, limited competition, unlimited competition and disordered competition. The political practice of countries in modern democracy is mainly the difference between limited competition and unlimited competition, and the total disorderly competition without competition and lack of basic constitutional framework has been less. The continuity of the policy and the advantages of promoting the integration of society. Through the analysis of the political structure of Singapore, the author thinks that the one party single party system in Singapore belongs to the type of limited competition. It is the advantages of the limited competition that has made Singapore achieve a miracle of development. A large number of third waves, including Singapore, have been made. The case of the emerging countries in the tide of transition shows that the judgment of democracy can not simply copy the democratic standards of the west, and the form of democracy can not simply copy the representative democratic model of the west, but it needs to be selected according to the different national conditions. As a good model for the government's "good governance", Singapore is a good model for the government's "good governance". Its unique competitive relationship between political parties plays an important role in promoting the political development of Singapore. Therefore, taking Singapore as an example, the analysis of its political party system and the competitive relationship between political parties will further reflect on us. The form of democratic realization has important theoretical and practical significance. The party system in Singapore belongs to one party single party system and a limited political competition relationship between political parties. The question to be answered in this paper is how this limited political competition is reflected in the structure of Singapore's politics and why Singapore will form this The model of limited political competition? What is the effect of the limited political competition in Singapore? Is it universal in some sense? Based on the consideration of these problems, the article is divided into five parts. The first part is the theoretical analysis, which mainly introduces the relationship between the different types of party competition and democracy, and explains the value of the limited competition. The second part introduces the development course of limited competition in Singapore and analyzes the development and evolution of its limited competition from the historical longitudinal context. The third part mainly discusses how the limited competition in Singapore is in the institutional framework from the angle of the actor subject, that is, from the angle of the ruling party, the opposition party and the electorate, the three main political actors. The fourth part focuses on the political value foundation behind the limited competition in Singapore; the fifth part, as the conclusion of the article, analyzes the value brought by the limited competition for the political development of Singapore, the challenges in the new era of Singapore's limited competition and the opening of the limited political competition to the post development of national democracy. In short, as a unique sample, Singapore's limited competition among its successful parties provides us with a new perspective to rethink the political party system and the democratic model.
【學位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D733.9

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 張小勁;關于比較政黨研究基本路徑的歷史考察及其思考[J];當代世界與社會主義;2002年01期

2 劉陽;;從政黨的組織結構和組織制度看新加坡人民行動黨長期執(zhí)政的原因[J];當代世界與社會主義;2005年06期

3 張小勁;西方政黨分析模式的演變及其所包含的現(xiàn)實政治生活圖景[J];當代世界與社會主義;1997年02期

4 呂元禮;新加坡人民行動黨執(zhí)政模式分析[J];東南亞研究;2005年01期

5 常征;新加坡:權威主義,還是精英民主?[J];東南亞研究;2005年04期

6 呂元禮,邱全東;新加坡人民行動黨執(zhí)政后的政黨文化轉型[J];河南師范大學學報(哲學社會科學版);2004年01期

7 劉建軍;;“國高黨低”與政黨國家化:對新加坡模式的解讀[J];河南師范大學學報(哲學社會科學版);2007年06期

8 黃衛(wèi)平;陳家喜;陳文;;從新加坡大選看執(zhí)政黨建設的新理念[J];領導科學;2011年22期

9 鐘奇峰;;新加坡精英培養(yǎng)及選拔機制[J];科技創(chuàng)業(yè)家;2012年20期

10 黎靜;發(fā)展中國家的國家能力比較[J];政治學研究;1999年03期

相關博士學位論文 前3條

1 盧正濤;新加坡威權政治研究[D];武漢大學;2003年

2 劉勇智;通向民主之路：東亞民主化模式比較研究[D];上海交通大學;2009年

3 麻雪峰;韓國和新加坡民主化進程比較研究[D];中共中央黨校;2012年

，

本文編號：1980076