本文選題：老年福利 + 社會(huì)性別　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：人口老齡化、高齡化對我國老年福利供給帶來一系列新的要求和挑戰(zhàn)。當(dāng)人口老齡化的快速發(fā)展與家庭結(jié)構(gòu)變化新特征——小型化、空巢化相互作用,再與我國經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)軌的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期重疊,產(chǎn)生的快速增長的社會(huì)養(yǎng)老需求和老年福利供給水平相對滯后的矛盾將更加凸顯。在這樣的背景下,我國逐漸進(jìn)行老年福利供給制度的改革與調(diào)試,但是改革過程中,卻出現(xiàn)福利水平整體提升的情況下老年女性貧困現(xiàn)象頻現(xiàn),女性貧困化、貧困女性化特征顯著。如何認(rèn)識(shí)和分析這一現(xiàn)象,社會(huì)性別理論提供了一個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)和分析這種現(xiàn)象與特征的有力視角和分析工具。社會(huì)性別理論是分析男女兩性社會(huì)關(guān)系的一種重要理論范式,它要求人在觀察、分析和處理事務(wù)的過程中,關(guān)注到不同性別群體的不同的處境、利益和權(quán)利關(guān)系,從而進(jìn)一步采取措施促進(jìn)不平等狀況的改進(jìn),推進(jìn)兩性受益的均衡。社會(huì)性別分析有助于發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)有制度的性別盲點(diǎn),把社會(huì)性別意識(shí)納入老年福利供給的制度設(shè)計(jì)中。在中國老年福利制度改革過程中,我們要重視社會(huì)性別對老年福利供給制度的影響,這有助于老年福利供給制度研究領(lǐng)域的擴(kuò)展。本文在對我國老年福利供給現(xiàn)狀梳理和認(rèn)識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)中國老年福利供給模式的變遷,并對相關(guān)的供給制度進(jìn)行列舉和評介,進(jìn)而應(yīng)用社會(huì)性別視角審視和分析老年福利供給的四大方面。具體的思路演進(jìn)如下：從現(xiàn)狀來看,我國老年福利供給整體上還停留在比較低的保障水平。收入和醫(yī)療方面主要依托于相應(yīng)的社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)即養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)和醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn),生活照料和精神慰藉方面制度性的供給還比較欠缺,主要依托于家庭和社區(qū)自發(fā)的供給,政府主要是倡導(dǎo)、引導(dǎo)的角色,地區(qū)差異大。從縱向歷史發(fā)展來看,從政府到單位再到社會(huì)化的供給是我國老年福利整體的一個(gè)發(fā)展態(tài)勢,但這些制度主要是建立在正式勞動(dòng)關(guān)系基礎(chǔ)上的,我國農(nóng)村長期以來更多依靠的是自我和家庭供給,如今新的改革舉措正在努力彌合這一差距。但是,從社會(huì)性別視角來看,我國老年福利供給整體上仍然是缺乏性別意識(shí)的、忽視性別視角的。制度的設(shè)計(jì)沒有考慮男女兩性的需求差異,也缺乏對于既存的性別不平等的充分認(rèn)識(shí),自然也就忽視了政策對于兩性造成的受益差別,造成事實(shí)上女性利益相對受損。要縮小性別差距,促進(jìn)性別公平,就必須將性別意識(shí)納入老年福利供給的制度建設(shè)中,從供給主體、供給客體、供給內(nèi)容和供給方式等多要素全方面促進(jìn)性別公平事實(shí)推進(jìn)。實(shí)現(xiàn)將社會(huì)性別意識(shí)納入老年福利供給機(jī)制中,促進(jìn)兩性受益均衡,是一個(gè)需要耗費(fèi)一定時(shí)間的歷史過程。這個(gè)過程不僅需要女性研究者的呼吁與探索,社會(huì)性別主流化的推進(jìn),更需要政府、市場、社區(qū)、家庭以及每一個(gè)公民的社會(huì)性別意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)和行動(dòng)上各個(gè)主體形成合力。
[Abstract]:Aging population, aging brings a series of new requirements and challenges to the elderly welfare supply in China. When the rapid development of population aging and the new characteristics of family structure change-miniaturization, empty nesting interaction, and then overlap with the key period of China's economic and social transition, The contradiction between the rapid growth of social demand for the aged and the level of old-age welfare supply will be more prominent. In this context, China is gradually carrying out the reform and debugging of the welfare supply system for the elderly, but in the process of reform, the phenomenon of poverty among the elderly women appears frequently and the poverty of the women becomes more and more frequent when the overall level of welfare is raised. The feminization of poverty is marked. How to understand and analyze this phenomenon, gender theory provides a powerful perspective and analysis tool to understand and analyze the phenomenon and characteristics. Gender theory is an important theoretical paradigm for the analysis of social relations between men and women. It requires people to pay attention to the different situations, interests and rights of different gender groups in the process of observing, analyzing and handling affairs. Further measures will be taken to improve inequality and promote gender balance. Gender analysis is helpful to find out the gender blind spot of the existing system and to incorporate gender consciousness into the system design of the old age welfare supply. In the course of the reform of the elderly welfare system in China, we should pay attention to the influence of gender on the elderly welfare supply system, which is helpful to the expansion of the research field of the elderly welfare supply system. On the basis of combing and understanding the present situation of the welfare supply for the elderly in China, this paper summarizes the changes of the supply mode of the welfare for the elderly in China, and enumerates and reviews the relevant supply systems. Then apply the gender perspective to examine and analyze the four aspects of the elderly welfare supply. The specific ideas are as follows: from the current situation, the elderly welfare supply in China as a whole remains at a relatively low level of security. Income and medical care mainly depend on the corresponding social insurance, that is, old-age insurance and medical insurance. The institutional supply of life care and spiritual comfort is still relatively deficient, mainly relying on the spontaneous supply of families and communities. The government mainly advocates. The role of guidance varies greatly from region to region. From the perspective of vertical historical development, the supply from the government to the unit to the socialization is a development trend of the elderly welfare in our country as a whole, but these systems are mainly based on the formal labor relations. China's rural areas have long relied more on self-supply and family supply, but new reforms are trying to close the gap. However, from the perspective of gender, the supply of elderly welfare in China as a whole is still lack of gender awareness, ignoring the gender perspective. The design of the system does not take into account the difference between the needs of men and women and the lack of a full understanding of the existing gender inequality, which naturally ignores the difference in the benefits of policies for both sexes, resulting in the fact that the interests of women are relatively damaged. In order to narrow the gender gap and promote gender equity, we must bring gender consciousness into the system construction of the elderly welfare supply, and promote the fact of gender equity from the aspects of the supply subject, the supply object, the supply content and the supply mode and so on. It is a time-consuming historical process to bring gender consciousness into the mechanism of providing welfare for the elderly and to promote the balance of benefits between the two sexes. This process requires not only the appeal and exploration of female researchers, the promotion of gender mainstreaming, but also the concerted efforts of various subjects in the training and action of gender awareness of government, market, community, family and every citizen.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D669.6

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本文編號(hào)：1894092