本文選題：協(xié)商治理 + 話語平等權�。� 參考：《河北師范大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：20世紀90年代以來,出現(xiàn)了一種新型公共治理形式,被人們稱作協(xié)商治理,其理論來源于協(xié)商民主。目前,協(xié)商治理作為一種重要治理形式而得到青睞和廣泛推廣。協(xié)商治理直接形成公共決策或者為公共決策的達成提供依據(jù)。協(xié)商治理是一種民主治理理念的創(chuàng)新,不斷滿足著公民對于民主政治的強烈需求,使公民自治和政府管理完美結合。協(xié)商治理的出現(xiàn),打破了以往政府自上而下的治理傳統(tǒng),使公民自下而上的治理油然而生。協(xié)商治理不僅具有協(xié)商民主的協(xié)商與對話精神,而且還強調(diào)民主的真實性與政策的有效性,賦予公民更加廣闊的參政平臺,是民主政治在公共治理中的重要體現(xiàn)。話語平等權是指在話語交往過程中,話語主體之間是平等的,他們的交往過程是不受強迫的。人不是孤立的活在世界上,只要人活在世界上,就必然與其他人產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系,而最重要的聯(lián)系就是話語聯(lián)系。人與人之間進行話語交往時,每個公民都有表達自己觀點、展示自己偏好的平等權利,也有對他人觀點提出批評、建議的平等權利。就某一個議題,每個公民都有提出自己觀點的話語平等權,也有經(jīng)過審慎思考,理性評判他人觀點的話語平等權。在這樣的話語交往中,公民之間的話語交往不受任何外界強制力量的控制,任何個人或組織都不能壓迫和強制干涉話語主體的話語行為。在我國,民主政治獲得了長足的進展,尤其是黨的十八大以來,關于健全社會主義協(xié)商民主制度的提法,越來越深入人心,也取得了很大成效。但是,由于我國民主政治發(fā)展并不充分,在民主政治建設過程中,仍然會出現(xiàn)許多問題,需要我們進一步完善。協(xié)商治理作為協(xié)商民主的一種新型治理形式,迫切需要打開治理局面,為民主政治的發(fā)展譜寫新篇章。論文從協(xié)商治理在運行過程中出現(xiàn)的話語平等權問題入手,從四部分展開對協(xié)商治理中話語平等權問題的探討,找出影響話語平等權實現(xiàn)的制約因素,并進一步提出保障話語平等權實現(xiàn)的對策。第一部分為引言部分。介紹了協(xié)商治理中話語平等權問題提出的背景和研究意義,論述了國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,介紹了本文的研究思路和研究方法,最后提出本文的重點、難點及創(chuàng)新之處。第二部分為協(xié)商治理與話語平等權的理論概述。在此部分,首先界定了協(xié)商治理和話語平等權的概念和基本特征,總結了協(xié)商治理與協(xié)商民主的關系,并論證了協(xié)商治理的理論基礎。其次,分析了協(xié)商治理與話語平等權的內(nèi)在契合關系,即協(xié)商治理內(nèi)在要求話語平等權,話語平等權又是協(xié)商治理真正實現(xiàn)的保障。最后,從話語平等權在協(xié)商治理中的地位及價值兩方面分析了話語平等權的必要性。第三部分主要分析了協(xié)商治理中話語平等權的實現(xiàn)條件和制約因素。其中,公民理性和制度理性是話語平等權實現(xiàn)的先決條件。從公民、政府、社會三個角度分析了協(xié)商治理中話語平等權實現(xiàn)的制約因素,這些制約因素有公民在話語平等意識和能力方面欠缺的影響,也有政府話語平等保障不到位的掣肘,還有弱勢群體話語平等權社會資源匱乏的影響。這些因素的存在,都一定程度上影響了話語平等權的真正實現(xiàn)。第四部分是論文的重中之重,提出協(xié)商治理過程中保障話語權平等權實現(xiàn)的應對之策。此部分提出的對策主要是針對協(xié)商治理中話語平等權的制約因素提出的,包括培育現(xiàn)代公民、建立責任政府、平衡社會資源和推進依法治國四個方面。其中在培育現(xiàn)代公民方面,著力從意識和能力兩個方面培育現(xiàn)代公民,以提高公民在協(xié)商治理中的話語平等意識和能力;在建立責任政府方面,要提高政府決策的科學性、民主性,完善話語權益保障之策,平衡強勢群體和弱勢群體的關系;在平衡社會資源方面,要實現(xiàn)促進組織資源、經(jīng)濟資源、和文化資源的平衡;在推進依法治國方面,要著力培育守法公民,同時還要積極打造守法政府,只有這樣才能進一步保障協(xié)商治理中的話語平等權。結論部分對全文進行了總結,并提出了協(xié)商治理及話語平等權問題的延展課題。值得欣慰的是,在我國社會主義民主政治的大力推動下,我國的協(xié)商民主理論與實踐獲得了長足的進展。協(xié)商治理受到越來越多的關注,形式也日趨多樣,協(xié)商治理中話語平等權也越來越受到尊重。但是,由于多種因素的影響,要使協(xié)商治理中話語平等權真正得到實現(xiàn),還需要公民、政府和社會做出長期不懈的努力。
[Abstract]:Since 1990s, a new form of public governance has emerged, which has been called consultative governance, and its theory derives from consultative democracy. At present, consultative governance is favored and widely popularized as an important form of governance. Consultative governance forms a public decision directly or provides a basis for the achievement of public decision-making. The innovation of the concept of democratic governance has constantly met the strong demand of citizens for democracy and the perfect combination of citizen autonomy and government management. The emergence of consultative governance broke the previous government's top-down governance tradition and brought the citizens from the bottom to the top. The co business governance not only had consultation and dialogue with consultative democracy. It also emphasizes the authenticity of democracy and the effectiveness of policy, and gives citizens a broader platform for political participation. It is an important embodiment of democratic politics in public governance. As long as people live in the world, they are bound to connect with others, and the most important connection is discourse contact. When people communicate with others, each citizen expresses his own views, displays the equal rights of their own preferences, also gives an equal right to comment on the opinions of others, and proposes equal rights. On one issue, every citizen There are the right of discourse equality that puts forward his own views, and the right to discourse equality through prudent thinking and rational judgment of others' views. In this kind of discourse communication, the communication between citizens is not controlled by any external force, and no individual or organization can oppress and interfere with the discourse behavior of the discourse subject. The main politics has made great progress. In particular, since the eighteen Party of the party, the formulation of a sound socialist system of democratic consultative democracy has become more and more popular and has made great achievements. However, there will still be many problems in the process of democratic political construction, which needs us to be further finished. As a new form of governance of consultative democracy, consultative governance is a new form of governance. It is urgent to open a new chapter for the development of democratic politics. The thesis starts with the question of the right of discourse equality that appears in the process of negotiation governance, and explores the question of the right of the equal rights of the language in the four part of the consultative governance and finds out the influence of the discourse level. In the first part, it introduces the background and significance of the issue of the right to discourse equality in the consultative governance, discusses the status of the research at home and abroad, introduces the research ideas and methods of this paper, and finally puts forward the key and difficult points in this paper. The second part is an overview of the theory of consultative governance and the right to discourse equality. In this part, the concept and basic characteristics of consultative governance and discourse equality are defined, and the relationship between consultative governance and consultative democracy is summarized, and the theoretical basis of consultative governance is demonstrated. In the agreement relationship, that is, the negotiation governance requires the right of discourse equality, and the right of discourse equality is the guarantee of the real realization of the consultative governance. Finally, the necessity of the discourse equality right is analyzed from two aspects of the status and value of the discourse equality right in the consultative governance. The third part mainly analyzes the conditions and the system of the realization of the right of discourse equality in the consultative governance. Among them, civic rationality and institutional rationality are the prerequisites for the realization of the right to discourse equality. From three perspectives of citizens, government and society, the restrictive factors of the realization of the right of discourse equality are analyzed in the consultation governance. These factors have the influence of citizens' lack of discourse equality consciousness and ability, and the equal protection of the government discourse. The fourth part is the most important part of the thesis, and puts forward the countermeasures to ensure the realization of the right to speak the right of discourse in the process of consultative governance. The Countermeasures of this part are mainly the needles. The restrictive factors of the right of discourse equality in the consultative governance include four aspects: cultivating modern citizens, establishing a responsible government, balancing social resources and promoting the rule of law. In the cultivation of modern citizens, we focus on cultivating modern citizens from two aspects of consciousness and ability in order to improve citizens' sense of discourse equality in consultative governance. In establishing the responsible government, we should improve the scientific and democratic policy of the government, the democracy, perfect the policy of guaranteeing the rights and interests of the discourse, balance the relationship between the strong and the disadvantaged groups, and balance the resources of the society to promote the balance of the resources of the organization, the economic resources and the cultural resources. Citizens, at the same time, should actively build a law-abiding government, only in this way can we further guarantee the right to discourse equality in the consultative governance. Conclusion part is a summary of the full text, and the extension of consultative governance and the issue of the right to discourse equality is put forward. It is good to be thankful that under the vigorous promotion of socialistic democracy in China, the negotiation of our country The theory and practice of democracy have made great progress. Consultative governance has been paid more and more attention, and the form is increasingly diverse, and the right to discourse equality is also more and more respected in consultative governance. However, due to the influence of many factors, it is necessary to make the right of discourse equality in the consultative governance truly realized, and it also requires citizens, the government and the society to make a long period of time. A lax effort.

【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D630;D621

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