發(fā)布時間：2018-05-08 14:59

  本文選題：女職工 + 生命周期��； 參考：《四川省社會科學院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國對勞動者法定退休年齡的規(guī)范開始于20世紀50年代,經(jīng)過數(shù)次調(diào)整,確立了現(xiàn)行的法定退休年齡政策。建國六十年來,我國的人口與經(jīng)濟社會狀況發(fā)生了巨大的變化,現(xiàn)行的法定退休年齡標準亟需調(diào)整。2013年,黨的十八屆三中全會明確地提出“研究制定漸進式延遲退休年齡政策”,從而使延遲退休年齡的討論上升到國家層面。由于退休政策涉及到勞動者個人、家庭與用人單位等各個利益主體的的切身利益,實施延遲退休年齡政策的決策引起了強烈反應與激烈爭論,進而使政策調(diào)整與制度改革面臨壓力與阻力。從相關(guān)研究與政策討論來看,女職工成為延遲退休年齡政策調(diào)整的重點對象人群。因此,有必要充分分析延遲退休政策給這一群體所帶來的潛在影響與效應,進而提出有效的應對性措施,推進相關(guān)政策的順利施行。本文從生命周期理論和家庭勞動理論出發(fā),構(gòu)造了女職工的“家庭勞動—市場勞動—閑暇”的生命周期分析框架,以此分析延遲退休年齡政策給女職工群體帶來的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),延遲退休年齡政策會延長女職工生命周期的市場勞動階段,擠占女職工退休后的家庭勞動時間和閑暇時間。引入機會成本與機會收益概念,對這種“擠出效應”進行測算,延遲退休年齡政策引起相當大比例的女職工生命周期的時間配置變化主要表現(xiàn)為負效應,即延遲退休年齡政策會降低女職工及其家庭的經(jīng)濟效用與福利水平。因此,從理論上講,有家務負擔的女職工一般會對延遲退休年齡政策存在不滿情緒。本文選取了成都市青羊區(qū)作為調(diào)查地點,對服務業(yè)從業(yè)女職工的時間配置及其延遲退休意愿情況進行了問卷調(diào)查。經(jīng)過分析得出,從事商品零售和家政保潔等低層次服務業(yè)工作的女職工的家庭勞動時間與其延遲退休意愿有著較為明顯的負相關(guān)性,即她們從事家庭勞動的時間越長,她們就越不愿意延遲退休年齡。另外,研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),時間配置影響女職工退休意愿的路徑是不同的。在上班時間規(guī)律、休息時間長的服務行業(yè)就業(yè)的女職工不愿意延遲退休年齡的原因是對閑暇時間的偏好,她們關(guān)注的是因閑暇時間縮短帶來的生活質(zhì)量的下降;在上班時間需要輪換、節(jié)假日得不到正常休息的服務行業(yè)就業(yè)的女職工反對延遲退休年齡則主要是因為擔心家庭勞動時間被擠占,無法照顧老人與孫子女等家人。最后,在理論分析與實證調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出,選擇恰當?shù)臅r機實施漸進式的延遲退休政策,以減輕延遲退休年齡政策對女職工傳統(tǒng)生命周期時間安排的沖擊及負面影響;首先針對上班時間規(guī)律、休息時間長的女職工群體實施延遲退休年齡政策;對確有照護家人等家庭勞動要求與責任的女職工實施包容性延遲退休年齡政策。
[Abstract]:China began to regulate the legal retirement age of workers in the 1950s, after several adjustments, established the current legal retirement age policy. In the 60 years since the founding of the people's Republic of China, great changes have taken place in the population and economic and social conditions of our country, and the current legal retirement age is in urgent need of adjustment. The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee explicitly proposed "to study and formulate the policy of gradual delay of retirement age", thus raising the discussion of the late retirement age to the national level. As the retirement policy involves the vital interests of individual workers, families and employers, the decision to implement the policy of delaying retirement age has aroused strong reactions and heated debates. Then make policy adjustment and system reform face pressure and resistance. From the related research and policy discussion, female workers become the focus of the adjustment of late retirement age policy. Therefore, it is necessary to fully analyze the potential impact and effect of the delayed retirement policy on this group, and then put forward effective countermeasures to promote the smooth implementation of relevant policies. Based on the life cycle theory and the family labor theory, this paper constructs the life cycle analysis framework of "family labor, market labor and leisure" for female workers and staff, and then analyzes the influence of the policy of delayed retirement age on the female workers and staff members. It is found that the policy of delaying retirement age will prolong the market labor stage of female employees' life cycle and occupy the family labor time and leisure time of female workers after retirement. By introducing the concept of opportunity cost and opportunity income, this "crowding-out effect" is calculated. A large proportion of women workers' life cycle time allocation changes caused by the policy of delayed retirement age are mainly shown as negative effects. That is, the policy of delaying retirement age will reduce the economic utility and welfare level of female workers and their families. Therefore, in theory, women workers with household responsibilities are generally dissatisfied with the late retirement age policy. This paper selects Qingyang District of Chengdu as the investigation place, and carries on the questionnaire survey to the service industry female worker's time disposition and the late retirement intention situation. After analysis, it is concluded that the family working hours of female workers engaged in low-level service industries such as commodity retailing and domestic cleaning are significantly negatively correlated with their willingness to delay retirement, that is, the longer they work at home, the longer they are engaged in family work. The more reluctant they are to delay the retirement age. In addition, the study also found that time allocation affects women workers' retirement willingness path is different. In the law of working hours, the reason why female employees in the service industry with long rest time are unwilling to delay retirement age is their preference for leisure time. They pay attention to the decline of quality of life caused by the shortening of leisure time. Female workers in service industries who do not get a normal rest on holidays oppose the delay in retirement age because they are worried that family working hours will be crowded out and they will not be able to take care of their families such as the elderly and their grandchildren. Finally, on the basis of theoretical analysis and empirical research, this paper proposes that the appropriate time to implement the gradual delay retirement policy, in order to reduce the impact of the delayed retirement age policy on the traditional life cycle of female workers and staff time and negative impact; Firstly, according to the law of working hours and the long rest time, the policy of delayed retirement age is implemented; the policy of inclusive delay retirement age is applied to the female workers who do take care of their families and other family labor requirements and responsibilities.
【學位授予單位】：四川省社會科學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D412.6;D669.68

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本文編號：1861856