本文選題：民族主義 + 日本民族主義�。� 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：新世紀(jì)以來(lái),尤其是小泉、安倍執(zhí)政期間,日本政治右傾化日益嚴(yán)重：解禁集體自衛(wèi)權(quán),修改和平憲法,否定、美化侵略史,與中國(guó)釣魚島爭(zhēng)端不斷升級(jí)等。與此同時(shí),日本國(guó)內(nèi)民族主義也發(fā)生右轉(zhuǎn)：自由史觀仍然興盛,成為正常國(guó)家的呼聲日益提高,右翼成為民族主義的核心勢(shì)力等；右傾化政策內(nèi)容與民族主義主張遙相呼應(yīng),由此引出本文研究的主題——日本民族主義與政治右傾的關(guān)系。要解決這一問(wèn)題,必須厘清民族主義、日本民族主義和政治右傾、日本政治右傾的內(nèi)涵,以及民族主義與政治走向關(guān)系三個(gè)大問(wèn)題。第一個(gè)問(wèn)題由于民族主義概念的多樣性而不易回答,于是借助當(dāng)前流行的現(xiàn)代主義學(xué)派的觀點(diǎn)對(duì)民族主義進(jìn)行定義,既民族主義是伴隨資本主義國(guó)家產(chǎn)生而產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)象,帶有很強(qiáng)的政治性,存在的目的是維護(hù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)治的合法性；在此基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)研究日本民族主義,并著重厘清日本民族主義發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。日本民族主義產(chǎn)生于明治維新時(shí)期,是典型的應(yīng)激性民族主義,經(jīng)歷了戰(zhàn)前與戰(zhàn)后兩個(gè)發(fā)展階段,其核心“國(guó)家主義”“民族優(yōu)越”并未發(fā)生變化,但是“效忠天皇”等思想則逐漸淡化,取而代之的是突破戰(zhàn)后體制對(duì)日本的束縛,為此日本民族主義勢(shì)力借助各種可利用的國(guó)內(nèi)外議題,并以此為蹺板努力突破戰(zhàn)后體制,推動(dòng)日本成為正常國(guó)家。第二個(gè)問(wèn)題學(xué)界基本達(dá)成共識(shí),政治右傾指右翼思想在政治決策中得到體現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象,而對(duì)右翼的界定又有多重視角。文章在總結(jié)以往定義的基礎(chǔ)上,認(rèn)為從“變革”視角界定“左”“右”最為合適,傾向于保持現(xiàn)狀或恢復(fù)以往情況的現(xiàn)象稱為右翼,而試圖變革當(dāng)前狀況的則為左翼。當(dāng)前日本試圖恢復(fù)二戰(zhàn)前“正常國(guó)家”狀態(tài),政策偏右屬于“政治右傾”。日本政府在修改和平憲法、解禁集體自衛(wèi)權(quán)、企圖為侵略歷史翻案、排中親美等方面的主張?zhí)幪庴w現(xiàn)民族主義宣揚(yáng)的理念,兩者的關(guān)系可見一斑。第三個(gè)問(wèn)題是文章的核心問(wèn)題,為了回答此問(wèn)題采用了定量和案例分析結(jié)合的方法,這也是本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)。國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)民族主義與政治走向或政治決策關(guān)系的研究大多采用定性分析法,這當(dāng)然與民族主義的不易量化有關(guān),但是民族主義在多大程度上以及通過(guò)什么路徑影響政治走向的定量分析較少。文章通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)展現(xiàn)日本民族主義的發(fā)展強(qiáng)度,從而能夠明晰日本民族主義右轉(zhuǎn)的程度,結(jié)合小泉、安倍參拜靖國(guó)神社與安倍解禁集體自衛(wèi)權(quán)兩個(gè)案例深入討論日本民族主義影響政治走向的途徑以及程度。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),政治右傾也反作用于民族主義,使得民族主義更加右轉(zhuǎn)。因此日本保守型民族主義是導(dǎo)致政治右傾的重要因素,而政治右傾也推動(dòng)民族主義更加右轉(zhuǎn)。
[Abstract]:Since the new century, especially during Koizumi and Abe's reign, Japan's political right has become increasingly serious: lifting the right to collective self-defence, revising the pacifist constitution, denying, beautifying the history of aggression, and escalating the dispute with China's Diaoyu Islands. At the same time, nationalism in Japan has also turned right: the concept of free history is still flourishing, the voice of becoming a normal country is rising day by day, and the right wing has become the core force of nationalism. This leads to the theme of this study-the relationship between Japanese nationalism and political right-leaning. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to clarify three major problems: nationalism, Japanese nationalism and political right-leaning, the connotation of Japanese political right-leaning, and the relationship between nationalism and political trend. The first question is difficult to answer because of the diversity of the concept of nationalism, so it is defined by the popular modernist school of thought, that is, nationalism is a phenomenon that comes along with the emergence of capitalist countries. With a strong political nature, the purpose of existence is to maintain the legitimacy of national rule; on this basis, continue to study Japanese nationalism, and focus on clarifying the development of Japanese nationalism. Japanese nationalism, which originated in the Meiji Restoration period, is a typical stress nationalism. It has experienced two stages of development before and after the war, and its core "nationalism" "national superiority" has not changed. However, the idea of "allegiance to the emperor" was gradually diluted and replaced by a breakthrough in the shackles of the postwar system to Japan. For this reason, the Japanese nationalist forces made efforts to break through the post-war system with the help of various domestic and foreign issues that could be used to break through the post-war system. Promote Japan to become a normal country. The second issue has reached a consensus that the political right tilting refers to the phenomenon that the right-wing thought is embodied in the political decision-making, and the definition of the right-wing has many angles of view. On the basis of summing up the previous definitions, this paper holds that it is most appropriate to define "left" and "right" from the perspective of "change". The phenomenon that tends to maintain the status quo or restore the past situation is called right wing, while the left wing is the one who tries to change the present situation. Japan is trying to return to a normal state before World War II. The Japanese government is revising the pacifist constitution, lifting the right of collective self-defense, attempting to reverse the case for the history of aggression, excluding China, pro-America, and other aspects of the idea of nationalism everywhere, the relationship between the two can be seen. The third question is the core question of the paper. In order to answer this question, the method of combining quantitative analysis and case analysis is adopted, which is also the innovation of this paper. Most scholars at home and abroad study the relationship between nationalism and political trends or political decisions by using qualitative analysis, which of course has something to do with the difficulty of quantifying nationalism. But there is less quantitative analysis of the extent to which nationalism influences political trends, and through what path. The article shows the intensity of the development of Japanese nationalism through data, so as to be able to clarify the degree of rightward turn of Japanese nationalism, combined with Koizumi. Two cases of Abe's visit to Yasukuni Shrine and Abe's right to lift the ban on collective self-defence discussed the ways and extent of Japanese nationalism's influence on political trends. The study also found that political right-leaning also counteracts to nationalism, making it more rightward. So Japanese conservative nationalism is an important factor leading to the political right-leaning, which also promotes nationalism to turn to the right.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D731.3

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