本文選題：阿拉伯復興社會黨 + 復興黨分支��； 參考：《上海外國語大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：19世紀開始,世俗的民族主義現(xiàn)代理念進入了阿拉伯世界,發(fā)展到20世紀,儼然成為指導阿拉伯國家的主體思想,以民族獨立、阿拉伯統(tǒng)一、社會政治民主化、經(jīng)濟文化發(fā)展和世俗化為核心發(fā)展目標。在這樣的精神原料催生下,民族主義政黨應運而生,開始在阿拉伯國家的政治舞臺上發(fā)揮影響力。從意識形態(tài)的先進性、政治實踐的活躍性、傳播范圍和影響力方面來看,阿拉伯復興社會黨在20世紀后半葉以來的阿拉伯世界政治舞臺上占據(jù)了不可替代的重要地位,發(fā)揮了重大而獨特的歷史作用,并在伊拉克和敘利亞實現(xiàn)上臺執(zhí)政,揭開了阿拉伯國家政黨政治的序幕。因此,要想對阿拉伯國家現(xiàn)代政治歷程、政治格局有全面而深刻的了解,必然要回歸到阿拉伯復興社會黨的研究當中,從時間維度和空間維度上進行深層次的挖掘。復興黨以其獨特的思想體系、嚴密的組織模式和有效的實踐活動而在阿拉伯國家迅速傳播,并以伊拉克和敘利亞為思想發(fā)源地向四周輻射開來,深入到各個阿拉伯國家,其中涉及到沙姆地區(qū)、馬格里布地區(qū)、尼羅河流域地區(qū)、海灣地區(qū)等,并建立了規(guī)模各異的分支機構(gòu),參與了多個阿拉伯國家的政治改革和現(xiàn)代化進程。復興黨分支的組織形態(tài)各異,其中包括一些成員數(shù)量較多、組織規(guī)模較大的分支,這些分支與“民族領(lǐng)導機構(gòu)”的聯(lián)系緊密,并建立了“地區(qū)領(lǐng)導機構(gòu)”,在政治活動中影響力較大,如蘇丹、也門、約旦等國家的復興黨分支;還有一些分支并未達到最高層次的組織規(guī)模,僅僅是一些復興黨人士的群體,形成“支部”、“支隊”。另一方面,復興黨分支在各個阿拉伯國家形成之后,無不例外地和當局政權(quán)產(chǎn)生了矛盾,受到威權(quán)政府的打壓和控制,包括以阿爾及利亞“民族解放陣線”和突尼斯“社會主義憲政黨”為代表的政黨掌權(quán)的威權(quán)國家,以及以科威特為代表的君主掌權(quán)的威權(quán)國家。在這種背景之下,復興黨分支根據(jù)國家體制、政治環(huán)境的差異進行相應的理論轉(zhuǎn)變和體制改革,重新闡釋復興黨綱領(lǐng)。復興黨分支在發(fā)展過程中,既受到本國政治環(huán)境的內(nèi)在影響,也受到民族領(lǐng)導機構(gòu)的外在影響。在伊拉克和敘利亞復興黨分裂之后,復興黨遭遇了有史以來的最大危機,而復興黨分支也四分五裂,劃分為不同陣營,走向了不同的發(fā)展道路。因此,無論是從意識形態(tài)的陣營劃分、政治實踐的參與度,還是從結(jié)局命運的走向等角度來看,復興黨分支都各自形成了派別,在特性之外烙上了一部分共性。復興黨作為阿拉伯民族主義的重要有機組成部分,完成了民族主義思潮的一次重大理論實踐,推動了阿拉伯國家的政治改革和現(xiàn)代化歷程。而阿拉伯國家因其獨特的地理位置和復雜的歷史條件成為多種意識形態(tài)的匯聚之地,包括阿拉伯民族主義、地方阿拉伯民族主義、伊斯蘭主義、社會主義等,這些意識形態(tài)通過政黨的形式發(fā)揮影響力,在政治舞臺上相繼登場、互相競爭。因此,不可避免地,復興黨分支遭遇了來自各方的挑戰(zhàn),面臨了各種意識形態(tài)的競爭,并在勢力博弈中逐漸衰弱,一度陷入危機。縱觀復興黨分支的發(fā)展歷程和敘利亞復興黨的現(xiàn)狀,復興黨盡管遭遇了分裂與失敗,但仍然在敘利亞保持著合法地位,并在其他阿拉伯國家中通過不同形式繼續(xù)發(fā)揮作用。簡而言之,本文圍繞“復興黨分支”的發(fā)展歷程展開研究,從空間層面上進一步豐富復興黨研究領(lǐng)域,探索各個復興黨分支的理論改革和實踐活動,從多維度進行考察和對比,總結(jié)出彼此的特性和共性,以求更加全面深入地了解阿拉伯復興社會黨的歷史和現(xiàn)狀、思想和實踐,并對其未來進行理性的展望。
[Abstract]:From nineteenth Century, the modern concept of secular nationalism entered the world of Arabia and was developed to twentieth Century as the main idea to guide the Arabia state, with national independence, Arabia unification, social and political democratization, economic and cultural development and secularization as the core development goal. Under such spiritual raw materials, the Nationalist Party At the historic moment, it began to exert influence on the political stage of Arabia. From the perspective of the advanced nature of ideology, the activity of political practice, the scope of communication and influence, the Socialist Party of Arabia has played an important role in the world political stage of Arabia since the second half of the twentieth Century, and has played an important role. The unique historical role, and the implementation of the power in Iraq and Syria, uncovered the prelude to the political party politics of the Arabia state. Therefore, in order to have a comprehensive and profound understanding of the modern political course and political structure of Arabia countries, it is necessary to return to the research of the Arabia rejuvenation social party and advance from the time dimension and the space dimension. With its unique ideological system, strict organizational model and effective practice, the party has spread rapidly in Arabia and radiates from Iraq and Syria to all Arabia countries, involving the sham region, the Maghreb area, and the Nile River Basin. In the region, the Gulf region and so on, the branches of different sizes have been set up to participate in the political reform and modernization process in many Arabia countries. The branch of the party has different organizational forms, including a large number of members and a larger organization, which are closely linked with the "national leadership" and established " "Regional leadership" has great influence in political activities, such as the branch of the Party of the Party of Sultan, Yemen, Jordan and other countries; and some branches have not reached the highest level of organization, only a group of people of the Party of the Party of the Baath party, forming a "branch" and "a detachment". On the other hand, the branch of the party has formed in various Arabia countries. After that, there were no exceptions to the contradiction between the authorities and the authorities, under the pressure and control of the authoritarian government, including the authoritarian state, represented by the "National Liberation Front" in Algeria and the "socialist constitutionalism party" in Tunisia, and the authoritarian state, represented by Kuwait, in this context. In the course of the development of the branch of the party, the branch of the party has been subjected to both the internal influence of its political environment and the external influence of the national leadership. After the split of the party's party in Iraq and Syria, the party has been rejuvenating the party. The biggest crisis in history has been encountered, and the branch of the FW party has been divided into different camps and moved to different ways of development. Therefore, the branch of the party has formed factions, whether from the division of ideology, the participation of political practice, or the trend of the fate of the outcome. As an important part of the nationalism of Arabia, the party has completed a major theoretical practice of nationalism and promoted the political reform and modernization of Arabia countries, and the Arabia country has become a variety of ideologies for its unique geographical position and complex historical conditions. The gathering places, including Arabia nationalism, local Arabia nationalism, Islamism, and socialism, are exerting influence through political parties and competing on the political stage. Therefore, inevitably, the branch of the party has encountered challenges from all sides and faces various ideology. In the course of the development of the branch of the party and the status quo of the Syria Baath party, the party still maintained its legal status in Syria and continued to play its role in different forms in other Arabia countries. It studies the development of the "branch of the party", enriches the research field of the party from the space level, explores the theoretical reform and practical activities of the branches of the party, and summarizes the characteristics and generality of each other in order to understand the history of the rejuvenation socialist party in Arabia more comprehensively and deeply. And the present situation, thinking and practice, and rational prospects for its future.

【學位授予單位】：上海外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D815.4

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