本文選題：社會包容 + 南澳大利亞　； 參考：《北京外國語大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：社會包容政策是澳大利亞南澳州于2002年至2011年,在以麥克·蘭恩州長為首的工黨執(zhí)政期間,以英國的托尼·布萊爾首相實施的社會包容政策為藍(lán)本,推行的社會政策綱領(lǐng)。其后于2007年至2013年,澳大利亞聯(lián)邦政府總理,工黨首腦陸克文和其繼任者茱莉亞·吉拉德,將社會包容政策作為其社會政策的全國性綱領(lǐng)。然而在2013年,以托尼·阿伯特為首的執(zhí)政黨聯(lián)盟接替工黨,組成新一屆政府后,社會包容政策隨即在澳大利亞聯(lián)邦政府被廢除。本文回溯了社會包容作為2002年到2013年在澳大利亞實行的社會政策綱領(lǐng)的興衰,探究了其在南澳州和聯(lián)邦政府分別被采納和廢除的原因,并據(jù)此對社會包容做簡要評價。首先,本文介紹了南澳州政府和聯(lián)邦政府分別實行社會包容政策綱領(lǐng)的由來,簡要分析了兩個社會政策綱領(lǐng)文本的內(nèi)容。從在南澳和聯(lián)邦政府實行的社會包容政策綱領(lǐng)的背景,具體內(nèi)容和框架來看,兩個綱領(lǐng)在基本原則和實施途徑上一脈相承,并無太大變化。社會包容政策的核心手段,即"改變理論",和形成"政府合力",在兩個文本中都得到了強(qiáng)調(diào)。然而,南澳州實行的社會包容政策贊譽(yù)頗多,被認(rèn)為是卓有成效的社會政策,澳大利亞聯(lián)邦政府的社會包容政策卻未能得到和南澳的社會包容政策一樣的贊譽(yù),而且因效果不佳而最終被廢除。其次,本文回顧了社會包容在南澳和聯(lián)邦政府被終止施行和最終廢除的經(jīng)過。2011年,南澳工黨內(nèi)部舉行選舉,新任黨首威瑟利爾上臺,接替麥克·蘭恩成為下任州長,并于2014年初出臺了"主流化"社會政策,主動在工黨執(zhí)政期間,終止將社會包容政策作為社會政策的綱領(lǐng)。而在2013年,茱莉亞·吉拉德領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的工黨在聯(lián)邦大選中落敗,自由黨領(lǐng)袖托尼·阿伯特接替吉拉德上臺成為新一任澳大利亞聯(lián)邦政府總理,隨即廢除社會包容政策。究其原因有二。第一,由于2008年金融危機(jī)影響,工黨聯(lián)邦政府縮減開支,導(dǎo)致上臺之時的很多社會政策方面的承諾落空,一方面也因面對變化的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會形勢而未能及時作出調(diào)整,因而社會包容政策在聯(lián)邦政府實施效果不佳。第二,社會包容政策綱領(lǐng)本身具有先天弱勢。其核心手段"政府合力"難以實現(xiàn),推行力度不足,另外其目標(biāo)過于單一,如教育和就業(yè),同時只注重扶助弱勢群體,忽視了將弱勢群體邊緣化的風(fēng)險。本文認(rèn)為,社會包容政策綱領(lǐng)是南澳州工黨應(yīng)對當(dāng)時南澳州經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會形勢的選擇,在當(dāng)時起到了改善南澳州社會狀況的作用。但其本身具有不足之處,更由于全球金融危機(jī)而變得不再適用,因而在聯(lián)邦政府未能有效實施,并最終被廢除。總體而言,社會包容政策綱領(lǐng)提供了看待和扶助弱勢群體的新視角,對澳大利亞社會政策發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)不可忽視。
[Abstract]:Social inclusion policy is a social policy program in South Australia from 2002 to 2011, based on the social inclusion policy implemented by British Prime Minister Tony Blair during the Labor Party administration led by Governor McLaine. From 2007 to 2013, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and his successor Julia Gillard, prime minister of the federal government, made social inclusion a national platform for their social policy. But in 2013, when Tony Abbott's ruling coalition took over from Labour to form a new government, social inclusion was abolished in Australia's federal government. This paper reviews the rise and fall of social inclusion as a social policy program implemented in Australia from 2002 to 2013, explores the reasons for its adoption and abolition in South Australia and the Federal Government respectively, and makes a brief evaluation of social inclusion accordingly. First of all, this paper introduces the origin of the social inclusion policy program implemented by the Southern Australian government and the federal government, and briefly analyzes the contents of the two social policy programs. From the background, concrete content and framework of the social inclusion policy program implemented in South Australia and the federal government, the two programs have not changed much in the basic principles and ways of implementation. The core means of social inclusion policy, that is, "change theory", and the formation of "government cooperation", are emphasized in both texts. However, there is much praise for the social inclusion policy in South Australia, which is considered to be a fruitful social policy, but the Federal Government's social inclusion policy has not received the same praise as the South Australian social inclusion policy. And was eventually abolished because of poor results. Secondly, this article reviews the process of the termination and eventual abolition of social inclusion in South Australia and the Federal Government. In 2011, the South Australian Labor Party held an election in which the new leader, Weatherlier, came to power and replaced McLaine as the next governor. In early 2014, a "mainstream" social policy was introduced, actively ending the social inclusion policy as a social policy platform during the Labour Party's administration. In 2013, Julia Gillard's Labour Party lost in the federal election, and Liberal leader Tony Abbott replaced Ms Gillard as Australia's new federal prime minister and abolished social inclusion policies. There are two reasons for this. First, because of the impact of the 2008 financial crisis, the federal government of the Labour Party cut back on its spending, which led to the collapse of many of the social policy commitments made at the time of taking office. On the one hand, it failed to make timely adjustments because of the changing economic and social situation. As a result, social inclusion policies have not worked well in the federal government. Second, the social inclusion policy program itself is inherently weak. The core means of "government joint efforts" are difficult to achieve, insufficient implementation, and its goal is too single, such as education and employment, while only focusing on helping the vulnerable groups, ignoring the risk of marginalizing the vulnerable groups. This paper holds that the program of social inclusion policy is the choice of the South Australian Labor Party to deal with the economic and social situation in South Australia at that time, and played a role in improving the social situation of South Australia at that time. But it has its own shortcomings, and because of the global financial crisis and become no longer applicable, so the federal government failed to effectively implement, and was eventually abolished. In general, the social inclusion policy framework provides a new perspective to look at and help vulnerable groups, and its contribution to the development of Australian social policy cannot be ignored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D761.1

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