本文選題：人口老齡化 + 助行器�。� 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來,隨著生活水平和醫(yī)療技術(shù)的提高,60歲以上老年人口的數(shù)量在不斷增加,人口老齡化逐步發(fā)展為全球化的趨勢,世界各國的人口結(jié)構(gòu)也發(fā)生了顯著變化,同時也正將面臨新的挑戰(zhàn)。目前中國的老年人口是世界上最多的國家。個人從生長發(fā)育、成熟到衰退是一個緩慢的生理過程,人在步入老年階段后,生理機(jī)能開始逐漸衰退,身體開始老化,甚至?xí)猩砘蛐睦砩系募膊“殡S而來。因此,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)心老年人群體,并為他們提供幫助。研究調(diào)查顯示,由于生理機(jī)能衰退主要導(dǎo)致的肌肉松弛和骨質(zhì)疏松,使許多老年人在平常的站立、行走過程中存在重心不穩(wěn)、肢體活動能力和協(xié)調(diào)能力下降的現(xiàn)象,從而導(dǎo)致彎腰、站起、步行等日常行為變得困難而費力,容易疲勞、摔倒等,也在無形中加重了他們的心理負(fù)擔(dān)。針對這些現(xiàn)象,助行器作為一種支撐平衡、輔助行走的工具,能讓老年人在即使沒有他人幫助的情況下實現(xiàn)自由走動、外出和自我照顧的生活狀態(tài)。目前市場上現(xiàn)有的各種助行器存在著功能不足、尺寸不合理、缺乏設(shè)計等現(xiàn)象,并不能使老年人的實際需要得到有效滿足,因而需要對老年人使用的助行器進(jìn)行設(shè)計和研究。本課題基于人機(jī)工程學(xué)和有限元分析,通過深入詳細(xì)的了解老年人的生理及心理狀態(tài),對老年人助行器的功能、尺寸、材質(zhì)和色彩進(jìn)行設(shè)計分析。在得出分析結(jié)果后,運用Pro/E軟件構(gòu)建三維立體模型,選擇材質(zhì)和色彩;然后運用Hyper Mesh軟件對助行器的骨架結(jié)構(gòu)模型進(jìn)行有限元分析,從而達(dá)到檢測、優(yōu)化的目的;最后運用CATIA軟件對助行器模型進(jìn)行人機(jī)仿真分析,實現(xiàn)對助行器尺寸的檢測、優(yōu)化。使設(shè)計的老年助行器在滿足必要條件的基礎(chǔ)上,即幫助老年人跨越障礙、實現(xiàn)自由行走,同時在造型、形態(tài)和色彩的設(shè)計上滿足老年人的心理需求。進(jìn)而達(dá)到對老年人的情感關(guān)懷,幫助推動人口老齡化社會的和諧發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the improvement of living standards and medical technology, the number of the elderly population over 60 years old has been increasing, and the aging population has gradually developed into a trend of globalization, and the population structure of various countries in the world has also undergone significant changes. At the same time, it is facing new challenges. At present, China has the largest number of elderly people in the world. From growth and development, maturation to decline is a slow physiological process. After entering the old age, the physiological function begins to decline gradually, the body begins to age, and even some physiological or psychological diseases come along. Therefore, we should care for the elderly group and provide them with help. Research shows that muscle relaxation and osteoporosis, which are mainly caused by the decline of physiological function, cause many elderly people to have unstable center of gravity and decreased physical activity and coordination ability during their normal standing and walking. As a result, daily behaviors such as bending, standing up and walking become difficult and laborious, easy to fatigue, fall and so on, which adds to their psychological burden. In response to these phenomena, the walking aids, as a support and balance tool, can enable the elderly to walk freely, go out and take care of themselves even without the help of others. At present, there are some phenomena in the market, such as insufficient function, unreasonable size, lack of design and so on, which can not satisfy the practical needs of the elderly effectively. Therefore, it is necessary to design and study the mobility aids used by the elderly. Based on ergonomics and finite element analysis, the function, size, material and color of the walking aids for the elderly are designed and analyzed by deeply understanding the physiological and psychological state of the elderly. After the analysis results are obtained, the three-dimensional model is constructed by using Pro/E software, and the material and color are selected, then the finite element analysis of the skeleton structure model of the walker is carried out by using Hyper Mesh software, so as to achieve the purpose of detection and optimization. Finally, the man-machine simulation analysis of the walking aid model is carried out by using CATIA software to realize the measurement and optimization of the size of the walker. On the basis of satisfying the necessary conditions, the designed mobility aids can help the elderly to cross obstacles and walk freely, and at the same time, the design of shape, form and color can meet the psychological needs of the elderly. To achieve emotional care for the elderly, to help promote the harmonious development of the aging population society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D669.6

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