本文選題：歐盟 + 難民�。� 參考：《湖南科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球化進(jìn)程的不斷加快,諸如人權(quán)等價(jià)值理念日漸獲得廣泛認(rèn)同,使得國(guó)際難民、移民現(xiàn)象也與時(shí)俱進(jìn)地發(fā)生了各種變化,不僅越來越多的難民能夠有效獲得相關(guān)國(guó)家的人道主義救助,移民數(shù)量也在不斷增加。世界難民、移民現(xiàn)象不斷趨向常態(tài)化、多元化、復(fù)雜化,使得世界各地有關(guān)難民、移民的問題不斷發(fā)生變化。而在國(guó)際難民接收、移民領(lǐng)域,歐洲是一個(gè)無法繞避的重要領(lǐng)域。相對(duì)于其他地區(qū)而言,歐洲在難民接收、移民領(lǐng)域的作為,不僅歷史悠久,而且變化很大,在不同的歷史時(shí)期有不同的側(cè)重,是透視國(guó)際難民、移民問題的一扇窗口。歐洲在難民接收、移民領(lǐng)域方面的重要成就,突出表現(xiàn)在人權(quán)理念的不斷完善,以及在難民接收、移民領(lǐng)域建立和完善跨國(guó)家、跨地區(qū)體系方面的有效努力和累累成果。前后兩者互相交融,互為動(dòng)力,尤其是后者,其體系構(gòu)成、歷史沿革之龐雜,所涉經(jīng)驗(yàn)之豐富,恐非其他國(guó)家、地區(qū)所能及。而歐盟在難民接收、移民方面的歷史作用和現(xiàn)實(shí)作用,在歐洲難民、移民事務(wù)領(lǐng)域具有代表性,足為像中國(guó)這樣的尚未深涉難民、移民事務(wù)的發(fā)展中國(guó)家提供理論參考和經(jīng)驗(yàn)參考。基于上述考量,本文重點(diǎn)研究了歐盟層面的難民政策,并論及與移民相關(guān)的問題,對(duì)《日內(nèi)瓦公約》等相關(guān)避難法之相關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行梳理,通過分析其歷史意義和局限性,從國(guó)際、歐盟兩個(gè)層面,對(duì)難民概念進(jìn)行了界定,藉此對(duì)歐盟層面的難民政策的發(fā)展形成理論基點(diǎn),在此基礎(chǔ)上,闡述了歐盟難民政策的出臺(tái)背景,結(jié)合歐洲所經(jīng)歷的慘痛的踐踏人權(quán)的歷史,概述了人權(quán)保護(hù)理念對(duì)于歐盟層面的難民機(jī)制的動(dòng)力作用,而后通過論述人權(quán)狀況對(duì)政治合法性、法律正義性的關(guān)聯(lián),深入介紹了歐盟層面的難民政策和相關(guān)移民政策出臺(tái)的人權(quán)理念背景。作為憲政革命最早發(fā)生地和世界現(xiàn)代憲政理念之搖籃的歐洲,對(duì)踐踏人權(quán)的慘痛歷史進(jìn)行了深刻反思,并隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展而著眼于在全歐范圍內(nèi)構(gòu)建人權(quán)保護(hù)機(jī)制,從歐洲各國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)法、歐洲委員會(huì)范疇中的人權(quán)保護(hù)理念和人權(quán)保護(hù)機(jī)制,到歐盟層面避難政策、體制的形成,是一個(gè)必然的過程。其間隨著一系列協(xié)議的推出,歐盟層面的難民政策日趨成熟,其對(duì)成員國(guó)的法律權(quán)威和實(shí)際約束力不斷增加,不斷完善著歐盟人權(quán)法律,鞏固了歐盟的憲政基礎(chǔ),推動(dòng)歐盟法、歐盟成員國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)法和國(guó)際法中關(guān)于難民保護(hù)條款進(jìn)一步完善,促使相關(guān)司法運(yùn)作機(jī)制增強(qiáng)互動(dòng)和加強(qiáng)協(xié)調(diào),為尋求保護(hù)的避難者提供了獲得司法援助的基本途徑。歐盟難民政策目前形成了一系列條文,各有側(cè)重,本文擇要闡述了其中關(guān)鍵政策的基本作用,結(jié)合相關(guān)判例,對(duì)《資格指令》中的關(guān)于獲取國(guó)際保護(hù)地位的規(guī)定,確認(rèn)真正需要國(guó)際保護(hù)者的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),相應(yīng)的權(quán)利保障和福利待遇等方面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了介紹;對(duì)《庇護(hù)程序指令》著重介紹了其適用性,處理庇護(hù)申請(qǐng)方面的具體程序;對(duì)《家庭團(tuán)聚權(quán)指令》著重介紹了其對(duì)提升“家庭權(quán)”的作用:將成員國(guó)對(duì)難民家庭團(tuán)聚的政策限制在一個(gè)基本范圍內(nèi),為委員會(huì)賦予了啟動(dòng)糾正違法行為的權(quán)力;也指出了《家庭團(tuán)聚權(quán)指令》的局限所在。最后,著重從理論層面指出了歐盟難民政策的局限性。
[Abstract]:As the process of globalization is accelerating, such values as human rights and other values have been widely recognized, making the phenomenon of international refugees and immigration changes with the times, not only more and more refugees can effectively obtain humanitarian assistance from the relevant countries, but also the number of immigrants is increasing. The trend of normalization, diversification and complexity has made the problem of refugees and immigrants changing all over the world. In international refugee reception, immigration, Europe is an important area that can not be avoided. Different historical periods have different emphasis on the issue of international refugees and immigration. The important achievements of Europe in the field of refugee reception and immigration have highlighted the improvement of the concept of human rights, as well as the establishment and improvement of the cross country, cross regional system and the effective efforts and achievements in the field of refugee reception, immigration and immigration. The combination of the former and the front, especially the latter, is composed of the complex historical evolution, the rich experience involved, not the other countries, the region, and the historical and practical roles of the EU in the reception of refugees and immigration, as well as in the European refugees and immigration affairs, which are not yet such as China. Based on the above considerations, this paper focuses on the refugee policy at the EU level, discusses the issues related to immigration, and combs the relevant provisions of the related asylum laws, such as the Geneva convention, and analyzes its historical significance and limitations from the international and European countries. On the two levels of the alliance, the concept of refugees is defined to form a theoretical basis for the development of the refugee policy at the EU level. On this basis, the background of the introduction of the EU refugee policy is expounded. In the light of the painful history of human rights abused in Europe, the motive force of human rights care care in the EU level refugee mechanism is summarized. Then, by discussing the relationship between the political legitimacy and the legal justice of the human rights situation, the background of the human rights concept introduced by the EU level refugee policy and the related immigration policy is deeply introduced. As the earliest place of the constitutional revolution and the cradle of the modern constitutional concept in the world, the tragic history of trampling the human rights has been deeply reflected. With the development of the economy and society, we focus on building a human rights protection mechanism throughout Europe. From the European national law, the European Commission, the human rights protection concept and the human rights protection mechanism, the European Union level asylum policy, the formation of the system, is an inevitable course. With the introduction of a series of agreements, the EU level As the policy of refugees is maturing, the legal authority and the actual binding force of the member countries are increasing, and the human rights law of the European Union is constantly improved, the constitutional basis of the EU has been consolidated, the EU law is promoted, and the provisions for the protection of refugees are further perfected in the domestic and international law of the member states of the European Union, so as to enhance the interaction and strengthening of the relevant judicial operation mechanisms. Coordination, the basic way to obtain judicial assistance for the asylum seeking protection is provided. The EU refugee policy has formed a series of articles, each has a particular emphasis. This article has selected the basic role of the key policy, and combined the relevant precedents, and confirms the provisions on the acquisition of international protection status in the eligibility directive, confirming the real needs of the country. The standards of the protector, the corresponding protection of rights and benefits, and the emphasis on the applicability of the asylum procedure directive, the specific procedures to deal with the application of asylum, and the emphasis on the role of the family reunification directive on the promotion of "family rights": the reunion of the member states to the refugee families. The policy restriction endowed the Committee with the authority to start the correction of the violation of the law in a basic scope, and pointed out the limitations of the family reunion directive. Finally, the limitations of the EU refugee policy were pointed out from the theoretical level.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D815.6

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