本文選題：當(dāng)代中國(guó) + 歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮　； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),在我國(guó)思想文化領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)了一股不容忽視的歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮。其違背實(shí)事求是的基本原則,借著反思?xì)v史和解放思想的名義,從唯心主義歷史觀出發(fā),片面、主觀地對(duì)歷史進(jìn)行解讀。歷史虛無(wú)主義者詆毀革命領(lǐng)袖和英雄人物,為歷史上已有定論的叛徒、反動(dòng)統(tǒng)治人物評(píng)功擺好,否定中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中國(guó)新民主主義革命和社會(huì)主義建設(shè)的偉大歷史功績(jī),質(zhì)疑中國(guó)選擇社會(huì)主義道路的歷史必然性。上述對(duì)于歷史的顛覆性評(píng)價(jià)給人們的思想帶來(lái)了極大的混亂,沖擊了馬克思主義意識(shí)形態(tài)的指導(dǎo)地位,動(dòng)搖了我國(guó)的立國(guó)之本,影響了改革開放和社會(huì)主義建設(shè)事業(yè)的順利進(jìn)行。因此,在唯物史觀指導(dǎo)下分析當(dāng)代中國(guó)歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮的表現(xiàn)、特點(diǎn),挖掘其傳播所產(chǎn)生的深刻社會(huì)影響,并進(jìn)一步提出應(yīng)對(duì)歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮的有效措施,對(duì)我國(guó)培育社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀、堅(jiān)定馬克思主義的意識(shí)形態(tài),具有十分重要的理論和實(shí)踐意義。論文研究的核心內(nèi)容由五章組成。第一章,介紹了歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮的相關(guān)理論。首先,針對(duì)當(dāng)前學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)于歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮概念的多種解讀進(jìn)行了重新梳理,指出存在的缺陷,并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了重新界定。為了對(duì)歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮的概念形成精確的理解,對(duì)其與西方的虛無(wú)主義思潮、后現(xiàn)代主義歷史觀進(jìn)行了辨析。其次,剖析了歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮的基本特征,即以西方中心論為理論基礎(chǔ);以唯心主義歷史觀為思維方式;以特定時(shí)期的歷史評(píng)價(jià)問(wèn)題為核心內(nèi)容。這一特征不僅體現(xiàn)在中國(guó),也體現(xiàn)在蘇聯(lián)和其他出現(xiàn)歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮的國(guó)家。最后,剖析了歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮形成與傳播的規(guī)律,即出現(xiàn)在社會(huì)主義國(guó)家的矛盾凸顯期或轉(zhuǎn)型期;傳播于主流意識(shí)形態(tài)影響力不足的文化背景下;與西方世界對(duì)社會(huì)主義國(guó)家的和平演變思維相呼應(yīng)。第二章,分析了當(dāng)代中國(guó)歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮重新泛起的原因。其中在主觀方面表現(xiàn)為:近代中國(guó)與西方國(guó)家的屈辱性交往導(dǎo)致對(duì)社會(huì)主義道路信心不足;唯物史觀相關(guān)知識(shí)的匱乏導(dǎo)致人們無(wú)法正確地進(jìn)行歷史評(píng)價(jià);歷史評(píng)價(jià)活動(dòng)中的非理性因素直接影響到歷史評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)論;當(dāng)代中國(guó)歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮的傳播內(nèi)容迎合人們的求新心理。當(dāng)代中國(guó)歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮的重新泛起不僅有主觀原因,還有客觀原因�？陀^原因主要表現(xiàn)為:歷史認(rèn)識(shí)客體的復(fù)雜性增加了人們正確進(jìn)行歷史評(píng)價(jià)的難度;初級(jí)階段的基本國(guó)情導(dǎo)致社會(huì)主義優(yōu)越性無(wú)法充分體現(xiàn);西方國(guó)家持續(xù)對(duì)我國(guó)實(shí)施和平演變戰(zhàn)略;當(dāng)代中國(guó)歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮的傳播具有迷惑性。總之,當(dāng)代中國(guó)歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮的重新泛起,是主觀因素與客觀因素交叉綜合作用的結(jié)果。第三章,挖掘了歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮在當(dāng)代中國(guó)的現(xiàn)實(shí)表現(xiàn)及特點(diǎn)。歷史虛無(wú)主義作為一種社會(huì)思潮,必然與社會(huì)存在有著直接的關(guān)系,受到當(dāng)代社會(huì)歷史條件的影響和制約,具有鮮明的時(shí)代性。相較于之前,當(dāng)代中國(guó)的歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮影響面更為廣泛,已經(jīng)波及到多個(gè)領(lǐng)域。在歷史領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)為:告別革命論、否定詆毀毛澤東的歷史功績(jī)、美化和吹捧民國(guó)歷史;在文藝領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)為:民族虛無(wú)主義、惡搞英雄人物、戲說(shuō)紅色經(jīng)典;在思想領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)為:質(zhì)疑雷鋒精神、否定改革開放前后三十年的歷史聯(lián)系、從理論上瓦解歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮的批判武器、對(duì)歷史虛無(wú)主義進(jìn)行概念重新詮釋,擾亂共識(shí)。當(dāng)代中國(guó)的歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮不僅具有一般歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮的基本特點(diǎn),還有其獨(dú)特之處,表現(xiàn)在:以取消中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的執(zhí)政合法地位為目的;選擇重大歷史節(jié)點(diǎn)作為切入點(diǎn);通過(guò)消解歷史根基實(shí)現(xiàn)政治訴求;借助于學(xué)術(shù)創(chuàng)新進(jìn)行傳播。第四章,洞悉了當(dāng)代中國(guó)歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮的傳播及產(chǎn)生的深刻社會(huì)影響。歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮在中國(guó)出現(xiàn)最早可以追溯到二十世紀(jì)的三十年代。但由于時(shí)代所能提供的各種條件的制約,當(dāng)時(shí)的歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮傳播并不廣泛,影響面也僅僅涉及到學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域。到二十世紀(jì)八十年代,隨著中國(guó)對(duì)外開放政策的實(shí)施,市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的普及,當(dāng)代中國(guó)歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮的傳播也受到了一定程度的影響。這種影響具體表現(xiàn)為:內(nèi)容更新周期不斷縮短;信息的傳播速度跨越式加快;受眾群體人數(shù)呈幾何級(jí)增長(zhǎng);受到影響的潛移默化程度加深。正是因?yàn)闅v史虛無(wú)主義思潮的廣泛傳播,帶來(lái)了一系列嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)影響,突出表現(xiàn)在:動(dòng)搖了馬克思主義的指導(dǎo)地位,導(dǎo)致人們政治信仰坍塌;顛覆性的歷史評(píng)價(jià)導(dǎo)致價(jià)值觀混亂甚至民族精神的喪失;消解了人們的創(chuàng)新熱情,阻礙社會(huì)主義建設(shè)事業(yè)的不斷革新;顛覆社會(huì)主義國(guó)家政權(quán),給人們帶來(lái)巨大的災(zāi)難;導(dǎo)致思想領(lǐng)域的復(fù)雜化程度加深。第五章,探討了當(dāng)代中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮的對(duì)策及應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)代中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮的對(duì)策主要包含以下五個(gè)方面:堅(jiān)持以唯物史觀指導(dǎo)歷史評(píng)價(jià)的基本原則;圍繞群眾路線在實(shí)踐中展示社會(huì)主義優(yōu)越性;建立中國(guó)特色的社會(huì)主義文化自覺(jué)自信;充分借助新聞媒體的輿論優(yōu)勢(shì)加強(qiáng)歷史觀教育;重點(diǎn)培養(yǎng)抵制歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮的主力軍。與此同時(shí),在應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)代中國(guó)歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下問(wèn)題:正確區(qū)分歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮傳播主體的階級(jí)性;正確把握馬克思主義與史學(xué)學(xué)科建設(shè)的關(guān)系;正確處理學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域的封閉性與網(wǎng)絡(luò)的開放性。總之,我國(guó)正處于一個(gè)特殊的歷史時(shí)期,對(duì)內(nèi)面臨著改革開放的不斷深入,利益格局的調(diào)整帶來(lái)了更多的社會(huì)矛盾;對(duì)外西方國(guó)家不間斷地對(duì)我國(guó)實(shí)施和平演變戰(zhàn)略。歷史虛無(wú)主義思潮在此時(shí)暗流涌動(dòng),不停地調(diào)整其策略,變換其形式,積極地為西方化進(jìn)行籌劃。因此,必須時(shí)刻提高警惕,堅(jiān)持不斷學(xué)習(xí)唯物史觀,以唯物史觀作為抵制歷史虛無(wú)思潮的強(qiáng)大思想武器,用豐富、生動(dòng)的國(guó)史、黨史知識(shí)教育群眾,幫助人民樹立正確的歷史觀,客觀地分析和看待中國(guó)在民族獨(dú)立和社會(huì)主義建設(shè)過(guò)程中發(fā)生的重大歷史事件,堅(jiān)定中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路、堅(jiān)定黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、堅(jiān)定共產(chǎn)主義的理想信念。全黨全國(guó)人民共同攜手,走向更加美好的和諧家園。
[Abstract]:In recent years, there has been a historical nihilism in the field of ideology and culture in our country. It violates the basic principle of seeking truth from facts and, in the name of rethinking history and emancipating the mind, interprets history unilaterally and subjectively from the nominalism of idealist history. The historically established traitors, reactionary ruling figures, and reactionary figures, deny the great historical achievements of the Chinese Communist Party to lead the Chinese New Democratic Revolution and the socialist construction, and question the historical inevitability of China's choice of the socialist road. The above subversive evaluation of history has brought great confusion to the people's thoughts. The guiding position of Marx ideology has shaken the foundation of our country and affected the smooth progress of the reform and opening up and the cause of socialist construction. Therefore, under the guidance of historical materialism, it analyses the manifestations and characteristics of the contemporary Chinese historical nihilism, excavates the profound social influence produced by its transmission, and further puts forward it. The effective measures for the ideological trend of historical nihilism are of great theoretical and practical significance to our country's cultivation of socialist core values and the firm ideology of Marx. The core content of the thesis is composed of five chapters. The first chapter introduces the relevant theories of the ideological trend of historical nihilism. A variety of interpretations of the concept of historical nihilism have been recombed, and the defects are pointed out. On this basis, the concept of historical nihilism is redefined. In order to make a precise understanding of the concept of historical nihilism, the concept of the thought of nihilism in the West and the historical view of postmodernism are analyzed. Secondly, the deficiency of history is analyzed. The basic characteristics of the ideological trend of anarchy, that is, take the western centralism as the theoretical basis, take the idealist view of history as the thinking mode, and take the historical evaluation in a particular period as the core content. This feature is not only reflected in China, but also in the Soviet Union and other countries that have the ideological trend of historical nihilism. Finally, it analyses the historical nihilism. The laws of the formation and propagation of tide, that is, appear in the period or transition period of the contradictions in the socialist country; spread in the cultural background of the lack of the influence of the mainstream ideology; and the western world echoes the thinking of the peaceful evolution of the socialist country. The second chapter analyzes the reasons for the revive of the contemporary Chinese historical nihilism. The subjective aspects are as follows: the humiliating communication between modern China and the western countries leads to the lack of confidence in the socialist road; the lack of relevant knowledge of historical materialism causes people to be unable to carry out the historical evaluation correctly; the irrational factors in the historical evaluation activities directly affect the evaluation of historical history; and the nihilism of contemporary Chinese history The content of the tide is cater to the new psychology of the people. There are not only subjective reasons but also the objective reasons for the revive of the ideological trend of nihilism in Contemporary Chinese history. The objective reasons are as follows: the complexity of the object of historical cognition increases the difficulty of correct historical evaluation, and the basic national conditions in the initial stage lead to the superiority of socialism. It can not be fully embodied; the western countries continue to carry out the strategy of peaceful evolution to our country; the spread of the current Chinese historical nihilism trend is puzzling. In a word, the re emergence of the current Chinese historical nihilism trend is the result of the cross and comprehensive effect of subjective and objective factors. The third chapter excavates the ideological trend of historical nihilism. As a social trend of thought, historical nihilism, as a social trend of thought, is bound to have a direct relationship with social existence, influenced and restricted by contemporary social and historical conditions, and has distinct characteristics. Compared with previous times, the influence of historical nihilism in contemporary China has become more extensive and has been involved in many fields. In the field of history, it is shown as follows: Farewell to the theory of revolution, denigrating Mao Zedong's historical merits and beautifying and touting the history of the Republic of China; in the field of literature and art as: national nihilism, KUSO heroes, and red classics, in the field of thought, whether to question the spirit of Lei Feng, or to determine the historical links of thirty years before and after the reform and opening up, and disintegrate theoretically. The critical weapon of the ideological trend of historical nihilism reinterprets the concept of historical nihilism and disrupts the consensus. The contemporary China's historical nihilism not only has the basic characteristics of the general historical nihilism, but also has its unique features: to cancel the ruling legitimacy of the Communist Party of China and choose the heavy calendar. The history node is the breakthrough point; through the elimination of the historical foundation to realize the political appeal; with the help of academic innovation to spread. The fourth chapter is a insight into the spread and profound social influence of the ideological trend of nihilism in Contemporary Chinese history. The emergence of historical nihilism in China can be traced back to the 30s of twentieth Century. In the 1980s, with the implementation of the policy of opening to the outside world, the development of the market economy, the popularization of the network technology and the spread of the nihilism of the contemporary Chinese history, the spread of the ideological trend of the nihilism of the contemporary Chinese history is also subject to the transmission of the current Chinese historical nihilism. A certain degree of influence. The impact of this effect is as follows: the cycle of content renewal is shortened, the speed of information transmission is speeded up, the number of audience groups is growing at a geometric level, and the degree of imperceptible influence is deepened. It is because of the widespread transmission of historical nihilism that a series of serious social effects have been brought to the table. Now: shaken the guiding position of Marx's doctrine, cause people's political belief to collapse; subversive historical evaluation leads to the confusion of values and even the loss of national spirit; it dispels people's creative enthusiasm and hinders the continuous innovation of the socialist construction cause, subverts the state power of social justice and brings great disaster to people. The degree of complexity in the field is deepened. In the fifth chapter, the countermeasures and problems to be paid attention to the contemporary China's response to the ideological trend of historical nihilism are discussed. The Countermeasures of contemporary China's response to the ideological trend of historical nihilism include the following five aspects: adhering to the basic principles of Historical Evaluation Guided by historical materialism; and demonstrating around the mass line in practice. The socialist superiority, the socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, self confidence, the full use of the media's public opinion advantages to strengthen the education of the historical outlook, and the main force to resist the ideological trend of historical nihilism. At the same time, we should pay attention to the following questions in dealing with the nihilism of the contemporary Chinese History: the correct distinction between the void of history and the nothingness of history. The ideological trend disseminating the class nature of the subject; correctly grasping the relationship between the Marx doctrine and the discipline construction of the historiography; correctly dealing with the closeness of the academic field and the openness of the network. In a word, China is in a special historical period, facing the continuous deepening of the reform and opening up, and the adjustment of the pattern of interests has brought more social contradictions; The foreign and Western countries carry out the strategy of peaceful evolution to our country uninterrupted. The trend of historical nihilism surges at this time, constantly adjusts its strategy, changes its form, and actively plans for Westernization. Therefore, we must constantly improve vigilance, persist in learning materialism, and take historical materialism as a strong resistance to the nihilism of history. Big ideological weapons, rich and vivid state history, the party's history knowledge and education, help the people to set up a correct historical view, objectively analyze and treat China's major historical events in the process of national independence and socialist construction, strengthen the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, strengthen the leadership of the party, and strengthen the ideal and belief of communism. The whole Party and the people of the whole country are working hand in hand towards a better and harmonious homeland.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D61
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本文編號(hào)：1792671