本文選題：老年人福利 + 社區(qū)照顧��； 參考：《東北財經(jīng)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：所謂的福利傳輸機制,是指福利從生產(chǎn)者供給到接受者享受福利的銜接過程,是一個以老年人需求滿足為目標、由社會政策起始、老年人獲取為終的福利供應鏈條。本文所定義的老年人福利,是從救濟的基礎概念跨越,又不僅限于社會保障的高層次理念,立足于多元化的老年人需求而提供的普惠型福利。發(fā)達國家的實踐與社會福利內(nèi)涵的發(fā)展讓多元化、社會化的福利供給成為趨勢。福利多元主義論證了在大福利的視角下,政府、家庭、市場、第三部門各自在福利供給中承擔著他們不可替代的職責。政府是規(guī)則制定者、總體規(guī)劃引導者、監(jiān)督者,家庭是法定贍養(yǎng)者,市場是多元化福利產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)者,第三部門是公益性的福利生產(chǎn)者,而他們同時都是以各種方式提供老年福利資源的籌資者與服務者。想要這些福利供給主體能夠相互聯(lián)系、相互補充的發(fā)揮其作用,社會資源能夠最大效率被分配,就必須有一個平臺對他們進行規(guī)劃與整合,讓所有的供給主體井然有序的進入一個福利傳輸鏈條之上,讓所有主體各司其位、有層次性的滿足各個老年人群體不同的福利需求。這就是本文的主旨所在。 社區(qū)既是一個地域性,又是一個社會性的概念,它是政府職能向服務者轉變,福利供給向社會化發(fā)展的趨勢下,福利社會中最為重要的子細胞。它既可以整體引導資源的流動,又可以以自身能力填補空缺,它是聯(lián)系社會、家庭與政府的最佳紐帶,無疑是對福利供給資源進行整合的最好平臺。以社區(qū)為依托,社區(qū)內(nèi)各個主體提供的老年人福利資源能夠有序的流動,社區(qū)內(nèi)每個老年人都有機會和能力享受適度普惠型的福利,有機會滿足個性化的福利需求,這便是本文所提出的構想。以多元化的老年人需求為起點,由社區(qū)進行宏觀上的整體資源布局,經(jīng)由需求分析、資源引入、規(guī)劃協(xié)調(diào)、福利建設、監(jiān)督評估各個過程,保證橫向上的福利資源供給,保證縱向上的福利資源的持續(xù)傳輸,建立層次性的福利供給體系,保證老年人的社會需求得到滿足,從而構建一個從社會政策到老年人個人輸送通暢的福利供應鏈條,這便是本文提出的最佳實現(xiàn)路徑。 總之,老年風險是最普遍的社會風險,老年人福利是最基本的民生問題。我國面對著總量已經(jīng)超過2億的老年群體,面對著發(fā)展迅猛、結構問題突出的老齡化,在并不完善的社會保障制度與社會福利制度之下,以社區(qū)為依托完善和發(fā)展老年人福利體系,保證老年人福利資源的供給與協(xié)調(diào),保證老年人福利政策的實施,是尊重老年人的公民權與福利權、滿足愈加豐富和充滿個性的老年人需求的最佳選擇。
[Abstract]:The so-called welfare transmission mechanism refers to the link process of welfare supply from producer to receiver. It is a welfare supply chain that aims at satisfying the needs of the elderly, starting from social policy, and ending with the elderly obtaining. The welfare of the elderly defined in this paper is not only limited to the high-level concept of social security, but also based on the diverse needs of the elderly and provides inclusive welfare. The practice of developed countries and the development of social welfare connotation make the diversification and socialization of welfare supply become the trend. Welfare pluralism demonstrates that the government, the family, the market and the third sector each bear irreplaceable responsibilities in welfare supply. The government is the rule-setter, the master plan guide, the supervisor, the family is the legal support, the market is the producer of diversified welfare products, and the third sector is the welfare producer of public welfare. At the same time, they are in various ways to provide old-age welfare resources of the fund-raising and service providers. In order for these welfare providers to be able to interact with each other and complement each other to play their role, social resources can be allocated to the maximum efficiency, so there must be a platform to plan and integrate them. Let all the main body of supply into a welfare transmission chain in an orderly manner, let all the main body of each division of their place, to meet the different welfare needs of various groups of the elderly. This is the thrust of this paper. Community is not only a regional concept, but also a social concept. It is the most important sub-cell in the welfare society under the trend of the transformation of government functions to service providers and the development of welfare supply to socialization. It can not only guide the flow of resources as a whole, but also fill the gap with its own ability. It is the best link between the society, the family and the government, and undoubtedly the best platform for the integration of welfare supply resources. Relying on the community, the elderly welfare resources provided by various subjects in the community can flow orderly. Each elderly person in the community has the opportunity and ability to enjoy the moderately inclusive welfare and the opportunity to meet the individual welfare needs. This is the idea put forward in this paper. Taking the diversified needs of the elderly as the starting point, the community carries out a macro overall distribution of resources, through demand analysis, resource introduction, planning and coordination, welfare construction, supervision and evaluation of the various processes to ensure the horizontal supply of welfare resources. To ensure the continuous transmission of welfare resources, to establish a hierarchical welfare supply system, to ensure that the social needs of the elderly are met, and thus to construct a welfare supply chain from social policy to the individual transport of the elderly. This is the best implementation path proposed in this paper. In short, the risk of old age is the most common social risk, and the welfare of the elderly is the most basic livelihood problem. China is faced with a total of more than 200 million elderly groups, facing the rapid development, structural problems of the aging, under the imperfect social security system and social welfare system, To improve and develop the welfare system of the elderly based on the community, to ensure the supply and coordination of the welfare resources for the elderly, and to ensure the implementation of the welfare policy for the elderly, is to respect the civil rights and welfare rights of the elderly. The best choice for meeting the needs of older people who are increasingly rich and full of personality.
【學位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D669.3;D669.6

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