本文選題：明代 + 巡按御史��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國古代的監(jiān)察制度,伴隨著封建社會的產(chǎn)生而出現(xiàn),從秦漢到清末,有兩千多年的歷史。到了明代,封建監(jiān)察制度發(fā)展的更為完備和嚴(yán)密。作為明代監(jiān)察制度的重要組成部分,巡按御史制度是明代統(tǒng)治者嚴(yán)密監(jiān)察和控制地方百官繼而鞏固封建皇權(quán)的產(chǎn)物。這一制度貫穿明代近三百年的歷史,對明代社會各個方面尤其是地方政治產(chǎn)生了不可估量的影響。深入系統(tǒng)的研究明代的巡按御史制度,不僅能夠豐富明史的學(xué)術(shù)研究成果,而且對我國監(jiān)察工作的優(yōu)化和發(fā)展具有重要的參考價值。明代巡按御史制度即中央派遣監(jiān)察御史對地方官員進(jìn)行定期巡回考察的一種制度,以此達(dá)到監(jiān)察百官、反腐肅貪的目的。明代巡按御史制度歷經(jīng)創(chuàng)立、完善、廢弛三個階段,主要包括御史之責(zé)、御史選派、御前點差、出巡事宜、回道考察、巡按升黜等六個方面的內(nèi)容。這一制度在明代前期發(fā)揮了顯著的積極作用,既能整頓地方吏治、促進(jìn)地方發(fā)展,鞏固中央集權(quán),維護(hù)民族國家統(tǒng)一,還有力的緩和了階級矛盾和社會矛盾,維護(hù)了封建統(tǒng)治。到了明代后期,巡按御史的權(quán)力開始膨脹,逐漸失去控制,這一制度呈現(xiàn)出一系列弊端:明代巡按御史制度是依附于皇權(quán)的,具有濃厚的人治色彩;監(jiān)察權(quán)和行政權(quán)不分離,為巡按御史貪污腐敗提供了便利;巡按御史權(quán)力太大,監(jiān)督缺失;官僚內(nèi)部關(guān)系網(wǎng)重重,官官相護(hù),保護(hù)腐敗。以史為鑒,明代御史巡按制度對完善當(dāng)前監(jiān)察工作的啟示有:完善監(jiān)察法律法規(guī),為監(jiān)察工作提供法律保障;建立完善的監(jiān)察體制,增強(qiáng)監(jiān)察機(jī)關(guān)的相對獨(dú)立性;加強(qiáng)對監(jiān)察人員的管理和監(jiān)督,完善監(jiān)察隊伍建設(shè);形成外部有效的制約和監(jiān)督機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:The supervision system in ancient China appeared with the emergence of feudal society, from Qin and Han dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty, with a history of more than two thousand years.In the Ming Dynasty, feudal supervision system developed more complete and rigorous.As an important part of the supervision system of the Ming Dynasty, the system of patrol and imperial history was the product of the rulers of the Ming Dynasty who closely monitored and controlled the local officials and then consolidated the feudal imperial power.This system runs through the history of the Ming Dynasty for nearly 300 years and has had an inestimable influence on all aspects of the Ming society, especially on the local politics.A thorough and systematic study of the system of imperial inspection in the Ming Dynasty can not only enrich the academic research achievements of the Ming Dynasty, but also have an important reference value for the optimization and development of the supervisory work in our country.In Ming Dynasty, the system of supervising imperial history was a system that the central government sent supervision to inspect local officials on a regular tour, so as to achieve the purpose of supervising hundred officials and fighting corruption.The system of patrol and imperial history in Ming Dynasty went through three stages, including the responsibility of imperial history, the selection of imperial history, the difference of imperial forerunner, the issue of patrol, the investigation of return to the road, the promotion and deposed of patrol.This system played a significant and positive role in the early Ming Dynasty, which not only rectified local officials, promoted local development, consolidated centralization of power, maintained the unity of the nation and state, but also alleviated class and social contradictions and maintained feudal rule.In the late Ming Dynasty, the power of patrol imperial history began to expand and gradually lost control. This system showed a series of drawbacks: the Ming Dynasty patrol imperial history system was attached to the imperial power, with a strong color of rule by man; the supervisory power and the administrative power were not separated.It provides convenience for corruption of patrol imperial history; it has too much power and lack of supervision; the bureaucrats have a heavy network of internal relations, officials protect each other, and protect corruption.Taking history as a mirror, the Ming Dynasty imperial history patrol system has the enlightenment to consummate the present supervisory work: consummates the supervisory laws and regulations, provides the legal guarantee for the supervisory work, establishes the perfect supervisory system, strengthens the relative independence of the supervisory organ;We should strengthen the management and supervision of supervisors, improve the construction of supervisory teams, and form an effective external restraint and supervision mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D691.49

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本文編號：1765909