本文選題：中越朝貢關(guān)系 + 西方近代條約體系��； 參考：《河南師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文著重探討的是西方近代條約體系對(duì)中越朝貢關(guān)系的影響。西方近代條約體系在東亞的侵浸及建立,逐漸破壞了中越朝貢關(guān)系存在的政治基礎(chǔ),最終導(dǎo)致了中越朝貢關(guān)系的終結(jié);西方近代條約體系還間接地促使了中國近代外交機(jī)構(gòu)的建立和近代外交思想體系的產(chǎn)生。研究西方近代條約體系對(duì)中越朝貢關(guān)系的影響,不僅有利于探究中越朝貢關(guān)系終結(jié)的歷史原因,更有助于促進(jìn)今天中越睦鄰友好外交關(guān)系的發(fā)展。中越朝貢關(guān)系從越南成為獨(dú)立國家后便開始了,又經(jīng)歷了宋朝時(shí)期兩國朝貢關(guān)系的確立,再到元朝、明朝時(shí)期的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,直至最后這種朝貢關(guān)系成為兩國間交往的定制。西方勢(shì)力入侵前,清朝與越南西山朝、阮朝繼續(xù)保持著朝貢關(guān)系。越南定期向中國朝貢,中國對(duì)越南國王進(jìn)行冊(cè)封。這種冊(cè)封起到維護(hù)越南國王在國內(nèi)合法地位的作用,但是中國對(duì)越南的內(nèi)政和外交基本上是不干涉的。朝貢關(guān)系作為東亞特有的國際關(guān)系體系,長久以來維護(hù)了東亞地區(qū)的安全與穩(wěn)定。中越間的這種朝貢關(guān)系一直持續(xù)到1885年《中法會(huì)訂越南條約》的簽訂而告以結(jié)束。西方近代條約體系作為近代西方國家維持國際秩序的重要紐帶,是伴隨著近代國際法的產(chǎn)生而逐步建立的。近代西方資本主義的蓬勃發(fā)展,促使西方國家迫切需要擴(kuò)展其海外市場(chǎng),亞洲便成為西方國家爭相掠奪的對(duì)象。他們通過武力逼迫中越兩國簽定了很多不平等條約。兩次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭,清政府被迫與列強(qiáng)們簽訂了一系列不平等條約,這些條約將中國納入到了西方近代條約體系之中。法國對(duì)越南從來沒有放松殖民征服,它對(duì)越南發(fā)動(dòng)多次的侵略戰(zhàn)爭,并與之簽訂了兩次西貢條約和順化條約,通過這些條約的簽訂,西方近代條約體系也在越南形成。西方近代條約體系的建立最終使維系了近千年的中越朝貢關(guān)系逐漸土崩瓦解,中越條約外交關(guān)系建立,東亞新格局也在逐漸形成。首先,西方近代條約體系的建立破壞了中越朝貢關(guān)系存在的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ),使中越朝貢關(guān)系賴以存在的自然經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)不復(fù)存在。條約使兩國開埠通商,外國商品大量涌入國內(nèi),對(duì)兩國傳統(tǒng)的自然經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生了極大的破壞作用,使兩國都納入到了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的范圍,其結(jié)果具有雙重作用。一方面使兩國成為西方殖民者獲取廉價(jià)原料和勞動(dòng)力、傾銷商品的基地,另外一方面促進(jìn)了兩國資本主義生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展,對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的封建社會(huì)有很大的沖擊和瓦解作用,從而使中越朝貢關(guān)系賴以存在的自然經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)不復(fù)存在。其次,西方近代條約體系的建立改變了中越朝貢關(guān)系原有的政治架構(gòu),新的近代外交機(jī)構(gòu)隨之建立。鴉片戰(zhàn)爭后一系列條約建立,中國也逐漸被拉入近代條約體系的大網(wǎng)。中國傳統(tǒng)的封建政治結(jié)構(gòu)也發(fā)生了變化,這種變化應(yīng)該說是清政府對(duì)西方列強(qiáng)侵略加深的一種政治上的回應(yīng)。而政治結(jié)構(gòu)的變化表面看是清政府為了方便對(duì)外交往而做的局部改變,但實(shí)際上起到的效果卻不僅僅是這些。新的近代外交機(jī)構(gòu)的建立吸收了部分近代外交方式,改變了中越舊有的以朝貢這種方式所進(jìn)行的外交。中越兩國的朝貢關(guān)系逐漸不能適應(yīng)新的近代外交方式,條約外交逐步建立。再次,西方近代條約體系的建立打破了中越朝貢關(guān)系傳統(tǒng)的觀念結(jié)構(gòu),使其向以平等、誠信為基礎(chǔ)的近代外交理念轉(zhuǎn)變。西方文化的輸入,一方面?zhèn)鞑チ私目茖W(xué)、民主思想,使國人接受了新的觀念和思想,從而對(duì)封建社會(huì)的改革也埋下了伏筆。由于國人思想觀念的變化,傳統(tǒng)的“華夏中心論”和“天下”觀念開始轉(zhuǎn)變,這就促進(jìn)了近代新觀念的產(chǎn)生。一些先進(jìn)知識(shí)分子開始意識(shí)到中國必須拋棄保守、自閉、以自我為中心的天朝觀念,以平等、誠信的態(tài)度處理與其他國家的關(guān)系,這樣中國才能不被時(shí)代所拋棄。也正是國門的洞開以及與西方國家的不斷交往,國人的近代化意識(shí)才被不斷地喚醒。在西方近代條約體系影響下,中越兩國的朝貢觀念也逐漸的在轉(zhuǎn)變,直至消失。最后,西方近代條約體系的建立從根本上改變了長期以來以中國為中心的遠(yuǎn)東國際關(guān)系體制,取代它的是一種新的以西方列強(qiáng)為中心的近代殖民體制。中越朝貢關(guān)系結(jié)束了,新的條約外交體系建立,東亞新的國際關(guān)系格局就此逐漸形成。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the influence of the western modern treaty system on the tributary relationship between China and Vietnam. The modern western treaty system in East Asia and the establishment of immersion, undermine the political foundation of the tributary relationship between China and Vietnam, eventually led to the end of the tributary relationship between China and Vietnam; modern western treaty system also indirectly contributed to the modern diplomatic institutions and the establishment of China the modern diplomatic thought system. Influence of western modern treaty system on the tributary relationship between China and Vietnam, is not only beneficial to explore the historical reason for the end of the tributary relationship between China and Vietnam, more conducive to promoting the development of good neighborly friendly diplomatic relations today. The tributary relationship between China and Vietnam from Vietnam to become an independent country after the start of the two countries, and experienced the establishment of tributary relationship the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty, the further development of the Ming Dynasty, until the end of this tributary relationship has become the custom exchanges between the two countries. Before the invasion of the Western powers, the Qing Dynasty and Vietnam at Xishan, Nguyen maintained a tributary relationship. China tribute regularly to Vietnam, Chinese were canonized in Vietnam. The king conferred to the maintenance of the Vietnamese king in legal status in China, but Chinese on Vietnam's internal affairs and diplomacy is basically not to interfere. The tributary relationship as a unique system of international relations in East Asia, for a long time to maintain the security and stability of East Asia. The tributary relationship between China and Vietnam until 1885 "Sino French will set the signing of the Treaty of Vietnam" come to an end. The western modern treaty system as an important link in modern western countries to maintain international order, is accompanied by modern international law have gradually established. The vigorous development of modern western capitalism, prompting western countries desperately need to expand its overseas market, Asia has become the western countries to plunder The object of them by force. China and Vietnam signed a number of unequal treaties. The two Opium War, the Western powers and the Qing government was forced to sign a series of unequal treaties, the treaty will China into the modern western treaty system. France in Vietnam never relaxed colonial conquest, it launched the war of aggression many times in Vietnam, and signed the two Xigong treaty and the Treaty of hue and, through the signing of the treaties, western modern treaty system in Vietnam has also formed. The establishment of modern western treaty system to maintain the near millennium in the tributary relationship is crumbling, establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Vietnam treaty, a new pattern of East Asia is gradually form. First, establish modern western treaty system destroyed the economic base of the tributary relationship between China and Vietnam, the natural economic foundation for the existence of the tributary relationship between China and Vietnam does not exist In the treaty between the two countries. The treaty port, the influx of domestic foreign goods, the two traditional natural economy had a devastating effect, so that the two countries are integrated into the world economic system, it has dual role. On the one hand, the two countries become the western colonists to obtain cheap raw materials and labor, dumping goods base. On the other hand to promote the emergence and development of the capitalist relations of production, the traditional feudal society has a great impact and collapse, the natural economic base so that the tributary relationship between China and Vietnam for the existence of no longer exist. Secondly, the establishment of modern western treaty system has changed the political structure of the tributary relationship between China and Vietnam, the new foreign institutions in modern times will be established. The establishment of a series of treaties after the Opium War, China gradually pulled into the modern treaty system to the net. China traditional feudal political structure Is changed, this change should be said is a political response to the Qing government to deepen the invasion of Western powers. While the change of surface structure is local political change of the Qing government in order to facilitate foreign exchanges and do, but in fact the effect but is not only these. The establishment of a new modern diplomatic organization absorption the part of modern diplomacy, changed the old tributary to Vietnam this way of diplomatic relations between China and Vietnam. The tributary gradually can't adapt to the new mode of modern diplomacy, diplomatic treaties have been gradually established. Thirdly, the establishment of modern western treaty system to break the traditional concept of structure of the tributary relationship between China and Vietnam, which leads to equality, transformation based on the concept of modern diplomatic integrity. The introduction of western culture, on the one hand spread modern science and democracy, make people accept new ideas and thoughts, and the feudal Social reform also foreshadowed. Because of the change of people's ideological concept, the traditional "China Center Theory" and "the world" concept began to change, which promoted the modern new ideas. Some advanced intellectuals began to realize that Chinese must abandon conservative, autistic, self-centered concept in China. The relationship between equality, honest attitude to deal with other countries, such China will not be abandoned by time. It is also in constant contact and open country and Western countries, modern people's consciousness is constantly awakening. In western modern treaty system under the influence of the two tributary concept also gradually in turn, until it disappears. Finally, the establishment of modern western treaty system fundamentally changed the Far East International Relations System for a long time to Chinese as the center, it is replaced with a new western powers as the center In the modern colonial system, the Sino Vietnamese Tributary Relations ended, the new treaty diplomatic system was established, and the new pattern of international relations in East Asia was gradually formed.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D829.333

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 蘆敏;;從文化角度看北宋和高麗的關(guān)系——兼與遼、麗關(guān)系作比較[J];南洋問題研究;2007年02期

2 ;[J];;年期

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前1條

1 濱下武志 中山大學(xué)亞太研究院院長;史學(xué)研究應(yīng)理論和史料并重[N];中國社會(huì)科學(xué)報(bào);2010年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前9條

1 孫佳;唐日朝貢關(guān)系研究（630-754年）[D];吉林大學(xué);2008年

2 周彥宏;英國侵略緬甸與中緬朝貢關(guān)系的變化[D];東北師范大學(xué);2006年

3 劉彥輝;西方近代條約體系對(duì)中越朝貢關(guān)系的影響[D];河南師范大學(xué);2015年

4 夏云;高宗朝唐羅朝貢關(guān)系研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2009年

5 華英;試論東亞“朝貢關(guān)系”演變的內(nèi)生性結(jié)構(gòu)因素[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2012年

6 黃佳明;朝貢[D];暨南大學(xué);2007年

7 王志強(qiáng);論中越朝貢關(guān)系的近代轉(zhuǎn)變[D];東北師范大學(xué);2008年

8 陳少豐;宋代朝貢史實(shí)匯釋[D];福建師范大學(xué);2010年

9 張瑩瑩;論遼麗戰(zhàn)爭與遼麗宋三國的政治關(guān)系[D];延邊大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號(hào)：1763993