本文選題：墨西哥　切入點(diǎn)：政黨政治　出處：《南開大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：墨西哥政黨政治的發(fā)展,經(jīng)歷了從考迪羅軍人統(tǒng)治、到一黨主導(dǎo)型體制、再到多黨競爭型體制的演變過程。政黨政治的發(fā)展變遷不僅推動著墨西哥的政治改革和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,同時引領(lǐng)國家從威權(quán)政治走向民主,完成了從考迪羅軍人政治向政黨政治下文官體制的轉(zhuǎn)型和從威權(quán)政治體制向民主政治體制的轉(zhuǎn)型�？v觀墨西哥的政治發(fā)展歷程可以看到,長期執(zhí)掌政權(quán)的革命制度黨從崛起、沉淪到轉(zhuǎn)型的歷程,影響和引導(dǎo)著墨西哥的政治發(fā)展和轉(zhuǎn)型。從1810年獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭到1929年國民革命黨(后來的革命制度黨)創(chuàng)建,墨西哥解決了從軍人獨(dú)裁到憲政制度、從考迪羅體制到政黨體制的轉(zhuǎn)型,終結(jié)了考迪羅時代的無政府狀態(tài)和寡頭專制統(tǒng)治,使國家政治步入制度化軌道。從1929年到2000年,革命制度黨(曾三度易名:國民革命黨→墨西哥革命黨→革命制度黨)連續(xù)執(zhí)掌墨西哥政權(quán)71年,推動了墨西哥的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,保持了政治穩(wěn)定。然而,20世紀(jì)70年代以來,隨著國內(nèi)外形勢的變化、革命制度黨黨內(nèi)組織功能衰竭、執(zhí)政績效下滑,革命制度黨一黨主導(dǎo)下的威權(quán)體制遭遇合法性危機(jī)。為了提升自身的合法性,革命制度黨推行了一系列政治改革、尤其是選舉制度改革,通過改革擴(kuò)大政治參與,使墨西哥政治逐漸走向多元化。2000年選舉,結(jié)束了革命制度黨長達(dá)71年的執(zhí)政,實(shí)現(xiàn)了1929年以來墨西哥首次政黨輪替,墨西哥政黨體制由原來的一黨主導(dǎo)型轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦锩贫赛h、國家行動黨和民主革命黨三足鼎立的多黨競爭型。12年后,于2012年,革命制度黨重新贏得總統(tǒng)選舉,重新執(zhí)掌政權(quán),實(shí)現(xiàn)了墨西哥二次政黨輪替,標(biāo)志著墨西哥從威權(quán)政治體制向多黨競爭的民主政治體制轉(zhuǎn)變。然而,政黨輪替僅僅是墨西哥民主政治發(fā)展的新起點(diǎn),并不意味著墨西哥民主政治發(fā)展的穩(wěn)固,消除政府腐敗、保持社會安定、縮小貧富差距、努力發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì),依然是執(zhí)政黨和現(xiàn)政權(quán)面臨的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。墨西哥的政治實(shí)踐告訴我們,對于發(fā)展中國家而言,在尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)社會有效整合和政治制度化的情況下,權(quán)力的適度集中具有必要性,有利于保持社會政治的穩(wěn)定性。一個國家的發(fā)展道路須符合它自身的情況,其政治體制改革要保持與其自身土壤的相適性。此外,一個政權(quán)的長治久安,還需合理有效、有利于國計民生的公共政策為支撐。墨西哥政黨政治變遷和政治轉(zhuǎn)型的歷程告訴我們,發(fā)展中國家的改革不可能一蹴而就,必然呈現(xiàn)出迂回前行的態(tài)勢。一個滲透著濃厚宗法勢力、專制主義傳統(tǒng)深遠(yuǎn)的國家,要真正實(shí)現(xiàn)民主和法治,還需要幾代人的努力,還有很長的路要走。
[Abstract]:The development of Party Politics in Mexico, has ruled from Caldero to the soldiers, one party dominant system, and then to the evolution process of multi-party competition system. The development of party politics is not only promoting Mexico's political reform and economic development, and lead the country from authoritarian politics to democracy, Caldero completed the transition to the military political party the political system and from below the official decorum authoritarian political system to a democratic political system and political transition. Throughout the course of development of Mexico can be seen, the long-term ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party from the rise into the transformation process, influence and guide the development of Mexico and the political transition. From 1810 to 1929 the National Revolutionary War of independence (revolutionary party the system of party later) to create, Mexico solved from military dictatorship to the constitutional system, from the Caldero system to party system transition, the end of Cody No government state and absolute oligarchy Luo era, make the national politics entered the orbit. From 1929 to 2000, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (three degrees ": National Revolutionary Party, the Revolutionary Party of Mexico, the Institutional Revolutionary Party) continuous in charge of the Mexico government for 71 years, to promote the economic development of Mexico, to maintain political stability. However, since 1970s, with the changes of domestic and international situation, the Institutional Revolutionary Party organization failure, the performance decline, the Institutional Revolutionary Party Party under the leadership of the authoritarian regime suffered a crisis of legitimacy. In order to enhance the legitimacy of oneself, the Institutional Revolutionary Party has carried out a series of political reform, especially the reform of the electoral system, through reform to expand political participation, politics in Mexico gradually diversified.2000 election ended the Institutional Revolutionary Party, the ruling for 71 years, the first party in Mexico since 1929 Alternation of party system from the original Mexico Party led into the Institutional Revolutionary Party, the National Action Party and the Party of the democratic revolution of multi-party competition a situation of tripartite confrontation.12 years later, in 2012, the Institutional Revolutionary Party to win the presidential election, came to power, the Mexico two turnover, marking the transition from authoritarian political system to the Mexico democratic political system of multi-party competition. However, the ruling party is just a new starting point for the development of democracy in Mexico, does not mean that the development of democracy in Mexico is stable, the elimination of government corruption, maintaining social stability, narrowing the gap between rich and poor, efforts to develop the economy, the ruling party and the regime is still facing serious challenges. The political practice in Mexico tell us, for developing countries, has not yet been achieved in social integration and effective political system under the condition of moderate concentration with will power To, is conducive to maintaining social and political stability of a country's development path shall be in accordance with its own situation, the suitable reform of the political system to maintain its own the soil. In addition, a regime is reasonable and effective, long period of stability, is conducive to the public policy support is beneficial to the people's livelihood. History of political parties in Mexico political change and political transition in developing countries tells us that the reform can not be achieved, will have a detour ahead of the situation. A permeated with a strong patriarchal clan system, national autocracy tradition profound, to realize the democracy and the rule of law, but also need the efforts of several generations, there is a long way to go.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D773.1
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本文編號：1695764