本文選題：拉丁美洲　切入點(diǎn)：無核區(qū)　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：相比常規(guī)武器,核武器擁有更加巨大的殺傷力。由于核武器象征著大國身份與地位,因此美蘇在冷戰(zhàn)中,雙方都在追求核優(yōu)勢。就這樣,核軍備競賽貫穿了整個美蘇冷戰(zhàn)過程的始終。美蘇的核軍備競賽使得全世界都處于核威脅的陰云之下。尤其是古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī),一度使人們站在了核戰(zhàn)爭的邊緣。因此,無核世界成為了人們的一致追求。在人們追求無核世界的過程中,區(qū)域核不擴(kuò)散體制起著十分重要的作用。其中,無核區(qū)是區(qū)域核不擴(kuò)散體制最重要的一部分。在南極大陸第一個建立無核區(qū)并實(shí)現(xiàn)南極無核化之后,人們開始嘗試在人口稠密區(qū)建立無核區(qū)以實(shí)現(xiàn)地區(qū)無核化。第一個在人口稠密區(qū)建立的無核區(qū)是拉丁美洲無核區(qū)。1967年2月14日,以墨西哥為首的14個拉丁美洲國家起草了《特拉特洛爾科條約》及其兩個附加議定書,這是第一個向核武器說不的宣言,也是拉丁美洲無核化的法律性文件。在此之后,經(jīng)過了多次談判,拉丁美洲禁止核武器組織于1969年在墨西哥城成立,拉丁美洲無核區(qū)正式建立。拉丁美洲無核區(qū)鞏固的歷史進(jìn)程是一個內(nèi)外部因素共同作用的進(jìn)程。在外部,它不僅需要五個核大國承認(rèn)拉丁美洲無核區(qū)的地位,也要求在拉丁美洲地區(qū)擁有領(lǐng)土的國家不在拉丁美洲地區(qū)部署核武器。隨著英、美、荷、法四個在拉丁美洲擁有領(lǐng)土的國家簽署了不在該地區(qū)部署核武器的一號議定書和五個核大國簽署了尊重拉美無核區(qū)地位的二號議定書,拉丁美洲無核區(qū)的地位得到了有效地外部保障。拉丁美洲無核區(qū)的鞏固也是區(qū)域內(nèi)成員不斷加入和內(nèi)部成員不斷合作的進(jìn)程。在這一進(jìn)程中,關(guān)鍵的一步是阿根廷和巴西在核領(lǐng)域的合作。巴西和阿根廷建立起了合作機(jī)制,與區(qū)域禁核組織、國際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)形成了共同的合力,不僅鞏固了拉丁美洲無核區(qū)的地位,也強(qiáng)化了拉美無核化歷史進(jìn)程。隨著阿根廷和巴西的加入,其他未加入拉美禁核組織的拉丁美洲國家也陸續(xù)加入。古巴加入拉丁美洲禁核組織,意味著拉丁美洲無核區(qū)覆蓋了整個區(qū)域,拉丁美洲最終全面實(shí)現(xiàn)了無核化。拉丁美洲是第一個在人口稠密地區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)無核化的地區(qū),也是第一個五個核大國承認(rèn)的無核區(qū)。它的成立不僅有益于區(qū)域核安全,也保證了區(qū)域內(nèi)國家對于核能的和平利用。同時,它有力的補(bǔ)充了國際核安全體系。作為一只重要的和平力量,它活躍在全球核裁軍領(lǐng)域,推動著全球核裁軍不斷向前發(fā)展。它開啟了地區(qū)無核化的多米諾骨牌效應(yīng),進(jìn)一步壓縮了核武器的空間,推動人類社會向無核世界邁進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:Nuclear weapons are more lethal than conventional weapons. Because nuclear weapons symbolize the status and status of great powers, both the United States and the Soviet Union pursued nuclear superiority during the Cold War. The nuclear arms race has permeated the entire Cold War process between the United States and the Soviet Union. The nuclear arms race in the United States and the Soviet Union has placed the world under the cloud of nuclear threat. The Cuban missile crisis, in particular, once put people on the brink of nuclear war. The nuclear-free world has become a universal pursuit. The regional nuclear non-proliferation regime plays a very important role in the pursuit of a nuclear-free world. The zone is the most important part of the regional nuclear non-proliferation regime. After the first nuclear-free zone was established on the Antarctic continent and the Antarctic was denuclearized, People began to try to establish denuclearized zones in densely populated areas in order to achieve the denuclearization of the regions. The first such zones in densely populated areas were those in Latin America. On 14 February 1967, Following the drafting of the Treaty of Tlatelolco and its two additional protocols by 14 Latin American countries, led by Mexico, which was the first declaration to say no to nuclear weapons and a legal document for the denuclearization of Latin America, After many negotiations, the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear weapons in Latin America was established in Mexico City in 1969, and the Latin American Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone was formally established. It requires not only the five nuclear Powers to recognize the status of a nuclear-free zone in Latin America, but also the countries with territories in the Latin American region not to deploy nuclear weapons in the Latin American region. France's four countries with territories in Latin America have signed Protocol I, which does not deploy nuclear weapons in the region, and the five nuclear Powers have signed Protocol II, which respects the status of Latin America as a nuclear-free zone. The status of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Latin America is effectively guaranteed externally. The consolidation of the zone is also a process of continuous membership and cooperation among the members of the region... in this process, A key step is the cooperation between Argentina and Brazil in the nuclear field. Brazil and Argentina have established mechanisms for cooperation and have joined forces with the Regional Organization for the Prohibition of Nuclear weapons and the International Atomic Energy Agency, which have not only consolidated the status of a nuclear-free zone in Latin America, It has also strengthened the historical process of denuclearization in Latin America. With the accession of Argentina and Brazil, other Latin American countries that are not members of the Latin American Organization for the Prohibition of Nuclear weapons (OPANAL) have joined one after another. Cuba has joined the Latin American Nuclear Prohibition Organization, It means that Latin America covers the entire region and that Latin America is eventually fully denuclearized. Latin America was the first region to achieve denuclearization in densely populated areas, It is also the first nuclear-free zone recognized by the five nuclear Powers. Its establishment not only contributes to regional nuclear safety, but also guarantees the peaceful use of nuclear energy by the States of the region... at the same time, It is a powerful complement to the international nuclear security system. As an important force for peace, it is active in the field of global nuclear disarmament and is pushing global nuclear disarmament forward. It opens up the domino effect of regional denuclearization, Further compressed the space of nuclear weapons, promote human society to a nuclear-free world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D815.2

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 趙重陽;;中等強(qiáng)國參與全球治理的目標(biāo)與實(shí)踐效果——以阿根廷為例[J];西南科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);2015年06期

2 高恒建;鄧峰;;美國對建立拉美無核區(qū)問題的立場與對策(1962—1968)[J];安徽史學(xué);2015年02期

3 劉明;;阿根廷的南極政策探究[J];拉丁美洲研究;2015年01期

4 諶園庭;;論20世紀(jì)70年代中國和墨西哥的關(guān)系——以國家身份為視角[J];拉丁美洲研究;2014年03期

5 楊林坡;劉麗;;核軍備控制理論中的無核區(qū)[J];成都師范學(xué)院學(xué)報;2013年12期

6 夏立平;;論國際核安全體系的構(gòu)建與鞏固[J];現(xiàn)代國際關(guān)系;2012年10期

7 張貴洪;;國際核不擴(kuò)散體系面臨的挑戰(zhàn)及發(fā)展趨勢——兼評《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》2010年審議會議前景[J];國際觀察;2009年06期

8 田景梅;;論建立無核武器區(qū)的動因及其作用[J];世界經(jīng)濟(jì)與政治論壇;2009年05期

9 何志鵬;;國際法治:一個概念的界定[J];政法論壇;2009年04期

10 徐能武;劉戟鋒;;和平的憧憬:無核世界的現(xiàn)實(shí)建構(gòu)[J];海軍工程大學(xué)學(xué)報(綜合版);2009年02期

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前1條

1 徐光裕;;無核區(qū)建設(shè)的進(jìn)展與貢獻(xiàn)[N];解放軍報;2014年

，

本文編號：1651706