本文選題：黎巴嫩　切入點(diǎn)：政治發(fā)展　出處：《西北大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：黎巴嫩,作為中東地區(qū)肥沃新月地帶的一個(gè)小國(guó),卻吸引著西方和中東地區(qū)大國(guó)的關(guān)注；它又是一個(gè)“小而俱全”的國(guó)家,國(guó)內(nèi)孕育著基督教文明與伊斯蘭文明共存的歷史,又是一個(gè)世俗與宗教并存的國(guó)度,具有傳統(tǒng)的本土特色的政治與現(xiàn)代的西方民主政治相結(jié)合的特點(diǎn)。因此,黎巴嫩國(guó)家的政治發(fā)展問(wèn)題牽動(dòng)著中東地區(qū)和西方國(guó)家的神經(jīng),這是一個(gè)十分緊迫的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題。事實(shí)上,大多數(shù)第三世界國(guó)家包括中東地區(qū)國(guó)家,一直探索著如何實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家和社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。但都呈現(xiàn)出政治不發(fā)展或政治欠發(fā)展的景象：諸如政治腐敗、政治動(dòng)蕩,行政不力,政治獨(dú)裁,政治生活中人們參與政治的兩級(jí)分化,內(nèi)部動(dòng)亂,民主待建。黎巴嫩也屬于發(fā)展中國(guó)家行列,國(guó)內(nèi)政治也或多或少地存在著這些現(xiàn)象。黎巴嫩是一個(gè)教派社團(tuán)普遍存在,民族和宗教構(gòu)成復(fù)雜,外部干預(yù)頻繁的國(guó)家,對(duì)于其政治發(fā)展的研究,有助于理解中東地區(qū)國(guó)家政治發(fā)展的一些共性,比如家族政治的傳統(tǒng)、宗教與政治之間的密切結(jié)合,政治發(fā)展的環(huán)境深受地區(qū)局勢(shì)的影響。與此同時(shí),可以深入地探討黎巴嫩政治發(fā)展中的獨(dú)特性,如協(xié)合民主的發(fā)展符合黎巴嫩多宗教共存的現(xiàn)狀,也是一種解決多元社會(huì)分裂的重要民主政治理論與實(shí)踐。本文以黎巴嫩歷史發(fā)展脈絡(luò)為基礎(chǔ),從影響和制約黎巴嫩政治發(fā)展的內(nèi)部條件和外部環(huán)境入手,并結(jié)合黎巴嫩國(guó)家的政治實(shí)踐,闡釋黎巴嫩國(guó)家政治發(fā)展中存在的諸多問(wèn)題。本文共6部分,導(dǎo)論探討了研究黎巴嫩政治發(fā)展的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。結(jié)論部分闡釋黎巴嫩政治發(fā)展的特點(diǎn),以期對(duì)中東地區(qū)國(guó)家政治提供借鑒。正文由四章構(gòu)成,主要論述了黎巴嫩政治發(fā)展中的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：家族政治、教派政治、協(xié)合民主和外部干預(yù)。第一章探討了黎巴嫩家族政治發(fā)展的歷史與現(xiàn)狀。家族是黎巴嫩國(guó)家和社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要組成部分,表現(xiàn)在政治上就是世系政治或政治王朝的復(fù)興與更迭。因此,第一章論述了黎巴嫩家族的起源與地位,黎巴嫩的權(quán)力家族,黎巴嫩家族政治的內(nèi)涵與特點(diǎn),以及影響黎巴嫩家族政治的因素分析。第二章論述了教派主義對(duì)黎巴嫩政治發(fā)展的影響,探討了黎巴嫩教派政治發(fā)展的歷史與現(xiàn)狀。本章得出的結(jié)論是：教派政治是黎巴嫩獨(dú)特的政治發(fā)展形態(tài),是一種本土的政治文化孕育的政治現(xiàn)象。黎巴嫩教派政治體制本身具有很高的理論價(jià)值,它塑造了一種分權(quán)的政治傳統(tǒng)。在實(shí)踐中,它需要在歷史長(zhǎng)河中維持教派權(quán)力或力量的平衡,才能保證黎巴嫩政治發(fā)展的穩(wěn)定。第三章探討了黎巴嫩獨(dú)具特色的協(xié)合民主對(duì)政治發(fā)展的影響,以及協(xié)合民主塑造了黎巴嫩是中東地區(qū)較為鮮明的民主國(guó)家。協(xié)合民主是黎巴嫩政治發(fā)展的一個(gè)鮮明特色,其中既有聯(lián)合又有競(jìng)爭(zhēng),而且還體現(xiàn)了黎巴嫩社會(huì)的多樣化與政治的多元化。第四章主要探討了黎巴嫩的地域政治特征,從歷史、文化、宗教和意識(shí)形態(tài)等角度,闡述了中東地區(qū)大國(guó)和西方大國(guó)對(duì)黎巴嫩的博弈,以及對(duì)黎巴嫩政治產(chǎn)生的影響�？傊�,本文從黎巴嫩政治發(fā)展中存在的固有性問(wèn)題著手,以此解析黎巴嫩國(guó)家與社會(huì)發(fā)展中的一些重大問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:Lebanon, Middle East as a small fertile crescent, it has attracted the attention of western country and the Middle East; it is also a "small and complete" countries, domestic breeds of Christian and Islamic civilizations coexist in history, is a secular and religious country, with its traditional home the characteristics of Western democracy politics and modern combination of characteristics. Therefore, the political development of the Lebanese state affects the Middle East and the west of the nerve, it is a very urgent problem of theory and reality. In fact, most of the third world countries including the Middle East countries, has been exploring how to realize the sustainable development of the country and society. They have no political development or political underdevelopment scene such as political corruption, political instability, lack of administrative, political dictatorship, political life of the people Political participation of the two levels of differentiation, internal unrest, democracy building. Lebanon also belong to the ranks of developing countries, domestic politics are also more or less the existence of these phenomena. Lebanon is a widespread sectarian community, ethnic and religious complex, external intervention frequent countries, research on its political development, contribute to the understanding of some common countries the political development in the Middle East, such as the family political tradition, close combination between religion and politics, affecting the development of political environment by the situation in the region. At the same time, to deeply discuss the uniqueness of the Lebanese political development, such as the development of Consociational democracy with the situation in Lebanon and multi religious coexistence, is also a solution of pluralistic society split an important democratic political theory and practice. This paper is based on the development history of Lebanon, the Lebanese political development from the influence and restriction of The internal conditions and external environment, combined with the political practice of the Lebanese state, there are many problems in the development of the political interpretation of the Lebanese state. This paper consists of 6 parts. The introduction discusses the starting point of the Lebanese political development and practical significance. The conclusion part interprets the Lebanese political development characteristics, in order to provide reference for the Middle East political state. The text consists of four chapters, mainly discusses several problems in the development of the Lebanese political family: political, sectarian politics, Consociational democracy and external intervention. The first chapter discusses the history and status quo of Lebanese family political development. The family is an important part of the Lebanese state and social development, in politics is politics or lineage the political Renaissance and change. Therefore, the first chapter discusses the origin and status of the Lebanese family, Lebanon power family, Lebanese political family The connotation and characteristics, analysis and influence factors of Lebanese family politics. The second chapter discusses the influence of the Lebanese sectarian political development, explores the history and status quo of Lebanese sectarian political development. This chapter draws the conclusion: sectarian politics is Lebanon's unique political development form, is a political phenomenon in local politics culture. Lebanese sectarian political system itself has a high theoretical value, it created a decentralized political tradition. In practice, it needs to maintain the balance of power or sectarian power in history, in order to ensure the stability of the Lebanese political development. The third chapter discusses the influence of the Lebanese unique Consociational democracy on the political development, as well as Consociational democracy created Lebanon is more distinctive democracy in the Middle East. Consociational democracy is a distinctive political development in Lebanon The characteristics, including both joint and competition, but also reflects the diversification of Lebanese society and political pluralism. The fourth chapter mainly discusses the characteristics of regional political, Lebanon from history, culture, religion and ideology perspective, describes the game of Lebanon's great power in the Middle East and West Fang Daguo, and the influence on the Lebanese political in short, this paper from the existing problems inherent to the Lebanese political development, some of the major problems in the development of the Lebanese state and society in order to resolve.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D737.8
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本文編號(hào)：1633666