發(fā)布時間：2018-03-16 04:10

  本文選題：后工業(yè)社會　切入點(diǎn)：英國　出處：《北京外國語大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：英國曾是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國,后來因為二戰(zhàn)的打擊,國家經(jīng)濟(jì)走向衰落。本篇論文旨在研究后工業(yè)時代英國第二產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展以及政府的相關(guān)政策,并對這些政策的有效性進(jìn)行評價,從而更好地了解英國政府如何應(yīng)對后工業(yè)時代的各類挑戰(zhàn)及問題,且對其他正處于工業(yè)化的國家和即將步入工業(yè)化的國家有何重大啟示。以往的研究,包括對后工業(yè)理論的研究,對英國第二產(chǎn)業(yè)的分析,英國政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)政策列舉分析,以及對其他后工業(yè)國家的討論。為本文提供了良好的學(xué)術(shù)研究基礎(chǔ),然而,現(xiàn)有的論文幾乎未對英國后工業(yè)時代下第二產(chǎn)業(yè)的政策進(jìn)行比較全面和系統(tǒng)的分析。因此,本文對英國第二產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展以及相關(guān)政策進(jìn)行了梳理和總結(jié),明確了其發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。本文所涉及到的方法論包括對第二產(chǎn)業(yè)縱向發(fā)展的分析,并采用了定量分析,定性分析及歷史分析法。具體而言,本文首先對后工業(yè)社會和第二產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)行定義,奠定了全文討論的基礎(chǔ)。接著,陳述了后工業(yè)社會早期,英國所遇到的各類問題和挑戰(zhàn),包括發(fā)展緩慢的第二產(chǎn)業(yè)、國有化、強(qiáng)大的工會以及落后供應(yīng)鏈。隨后探討了各屆政府時期,英國第二產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展和相關(guān)政策,并對相關(guān)政策做出評價。1979-1997年保守黨時期,英國第二產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展遇到瓶頸。保守黨政策制定政策將其帶入正軌,采取私有化和稅制改革,并伴隨工會和貨幣改革,為以后的政府奠定了政策基礎(chǔ),改變了英國第二產(chǎn)業(yè)的國際地位。本文以煤炭產(chǎn)業(yè)為例進(jìn)行了具體分析。1997-2010年新工黨時期,第二產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位逐步穩(wěn)定。相比數(shù)量而言,工黨更重視質(zhì)量,從而鼓勵公司的發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新,開啟創(chuàng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè),為第二產(chǎn)業(yè)提供了健康友好的環(huán)境,也使英國產(chǎn)品步入高端行列。2010年至今,處于聯(lián)合政府和保守黨時期,第二產(chǎn)業(yè)逐步恢復(fù),進(jìn)入成熟階段。英國啟動了再工業(yè)化,關(guān)注綠色經(jīng)濟(jì),實行經(jīng)濟(jì)外交,強(qiáng)化了英國在高端市場的優(yōu)勢,本文也以其汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)為例進(jìn)行分析�？偠灾�,如今的英國雖然無法重現(xiàn)日不落帝國時期的輝煌,但得益于政府政策的應(yīng)對和不斷調(diào)整,其第二產(chǎn)業(yè)仍保持著一定的競爭優(yōu)勢。分析并探討相關(guān)政策的有效性,從中汲取經(jīng)驗,對英國自身及其他國家都具有重要的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Britain was once a world economic power, but the country's economy declined as a result of the second World War. This paper aims to study the development of Britain's secondary industry in the post-industrial era and the related policies of the government, and to evaluate the effectiveness of these policies. To better understand how the British government responds to the challenges and problems of the post-industrial era, and what significant implications it has for other industrialized countries and countries on the threshold of industrialization. It includes the study of post-industrial theory, the analysis of British secondary industry, the enumeration and analysis of British political and economic policy, and the discussion of other post-industrial countries. There is almost no comprehensive and systematic analysis of the policies of the secondary industry in the post-industrial era of Britain. Therefore, this paper summarizes the development of the secondary industry and the related policies in the United Kingdom. The methodology involved in this paper includes the analysis of the vertical development of the secondary industry, and the quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis and historical analysis. This paper first defines the post-industrial society and the secondary industry, and lays the foundation for the full discussion. Then, it describes the problems and challenges encountered by Britain in the early post-industrial society, including the slow development of the secondary industry and nationalization. Strong trade unions and backward supply chains. Then it explores the development and related policies of the British secondary industry during each government period, and evaluates the relevant policies during the Conservative Party period from 1979 to 1997. Britain's secondary industry has encountered a bottleneck. The Conservative Party's policy formulation put it on the right track, with privatization and tax reform, accompanied by trade union and currency reforms, which laid the policy foundation for the future government. This paper takes the coal industry as an example to make a concrete analysis. During the period of the New Labour Party from 1997 to 2010, the economic status of the secondary industry is gradually stable. Compared with the quantity, the Labor Party pays more attention to the quality. Thus encouraging the development and innovation of the company, opening up the entrepreneurial industry, providing a healthy and friendly environment for the secondary industry, and bringing British products to the high end. Since 2010, during the period of the coalition government and the Conservative Party, the secondary industry has gradually recovered. Britain has begun to reindustrialize, pay attention to the green economy, implement economic diplomacy, and strengthen the advantages of Britain in the high-end market. This paper also takes its automobile industry as an example to analyze. Although Britain is unable to recreate the splendor of the imperial period, but thanks to the response and constant adjustment of government policy, its secondary industry still maintains a certain competitive advantage. This paper analyzes and discusses the effectiveness of relevant policies, and draws lessons from them. For Britain itself and other countries have important reference significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D756.1

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本文編號：1618258