本文選題：貴族特權(quán)　切入點(diǎn)：法國(guó)大革命　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：貴族特權(quán)是基于貴族身份而享有的好處和利益,可從實(shí)在價(jià)值、象征意義兩個(gè)層面加以理解。法國(guó)大革命在人類歷史上第一次徹底摧毀了貴族特權(quán)的龐雜體系:包括財(cái)政特權(quán)、領(lǐng)主捐稅在內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟(jì)特權(quán),政治特權(quán),榮譽(yù)特權(quán)等。本文通過(guò)考察貴族與王權(quán)、資產(chǎn)者、農(nóng)民的結(jié)構(gòu)性沖突及其限制,揭示了貴族特權(quán)的路徑依賴特征,進(jìn)而在長(zhǎng)、短時(shí)段交織的視域下深入挖掘法國(guó)貴族喪失特權(quán)的原因。長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看,舊制度下法國(guó)權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)、社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變遷深刻動(dòng)搖了貴族特權(quán)的基礎(chǔ)。一方面,王權(quán)擴(kuò)張沉重打擊了貴族的領(lǐng)主權(quán)力,地方治理的職責(zé)隨之喪失;另一方面,資產(chǎn)者的崛起及其同貴族間的平等趨勢(shì)弱化了后者的優(yōu)越性。貴族特權(quán)的合法性、合理性已然降低。但與此同時(shí),王權(quán)的根本性庇護(hù)、資產(chǎn)者及農(nóng)民矛盾的特權(quán)觀念維系著既有的特權(quán)體系。其中,王權(quán)庇護(hù)主要基于政治統(tǒng)治對(duì)貴族官僚的依賴,資產(chǎn)者被捐官制同化進(jìn)特權(quán)者的圈子。然而,上述支撐因素的內(nèi)在張力同樣存在,貴族特權(quán)對(duì)王權(quán)的依附內(nèi)含隱患,而社會(huì)流動(dòng)機(jī)制與等級(jí)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的潛在沖突也孕育著否定性的觀念因素。在此背景下,1787年的財(cái)政危機(jī)及后續(xù)事件相繼開啟了權(quán)力格局的轉(zhuǎn)換和觀念結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,王權(quán)、資產(chǎn)者、農(nóng)民分別對(duì)不同類型的貴族特權(quán)提出挑戰(zhàn)。具體而言,國(guó)王政府針對(duì)貴族免稅權(quán)的改革因后者的反專制斗爭(zhēng)歸于失敗,被迫召開全國(guó)三級(jí)會(huì)議。會(huì)議籌備與召開期間王權(quán)的中立則造成了最高權(quán)力的真空,貴族特權(quán)失去了根本保障,對(duì)立各方失去了有效約束。相對(duì)保守的資產(chǎn)者同貴族間存在諸多改革共識(shí),但會(huì)議程序爭(zhēng)端激化了二者間植根于身份差異的沖突,資產(chǎn)者觀念日益激進(jìn)。經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)和政治形勢(shì)的交匯則使農(nóng)民將苦難歸咎于領(lǐng)主特權(quán)。貴族代表最終放棄了所有特權(quán)。據(jù)此,貴族特權(quán)的喪失是結(jié)構(gòu)和能動(dòng)交互作用的產(chǎn)物。值得注意的是,隨著貴族轉(zhuǎn)化為新的統(tǒng)治集團(tuán)的一部分,貴族特權(quán)實(shí)則為一種新型特權(quán)所取代。
[Abstract]:Aristocratic privileges are benefits and benefits based on aristocratic status, which can be understood in terms of real value and symbolism. For the first time in human history, the French Revolution completely destroyed the complex system of aristocratic privileges: including fiscal privileges. The economic privilege, political privilege, privilege of honor and so on. By examining the structural conflicts between nobility and Wang Quan, assets and peasants and their limitations, this paper reveals the characteristics of path dependence of aristocratic privilege, and then in the long run, In the long run, the changes of the French power structure and social structure under the old system have deeply shaken the basis of the aristocratic privilege. Wang Quan's expansion dealt a heavy blow to the aristocratic power of the lord and the loss of local governance. On the other hand, the rise of the asset and the trend of equality with the aristocrat weakened the superiority of the latter, and the legitimacy of the aristocratic privilege. Rationality has diminished. But at the same time, Wang Quan's fundamental patronage, the contradiction between assets and farmers, the concept of privileges to maintain the existing system of privileges. Among them, Wang Quan asylum is mainly based on the political rule of the aristocratic bureaucrat dependence, The asset was assimilated into the circle of privileged people by the official donation system. However, the inherent tension of the above supporting factors also existed, and the dependence of the aristocratic privilege on Wang Quan had hidden dangers. The potential conflict between social mobility mechanism and hierarchical social structure also breeds negative conceptual factors. In this context, the financial crisis of 1787 and the subsequent events have opened the transformation of power structure and the adjustment of the concept structure. Wang Quan, the asset, Farmers challenged different types of aristocratic privileges. In particular, the reform of the royal government's tax-exempt rights of the nobility was defeated by the latter's anti-autocratic struggle. Wang Quan's neutrality during the preparation and holding of the conference created a vacuum in the supreme power, and the aristocratic privilege lost its fundamental protection. The opposing parties have lost effective restraint. There is a great deal of reform consensus between the relatively conservative asset and the nobility, but the dispute of meeting procedure intensifies the conflict rooted in the identity difference between the two parties. The idea of asset owners is becoming more radical. The convergence of economic crisis and political situation makes peasants blame the suffering on the privileges of the lords. The representatives of the aristocrats finally give up all the privileges. According to the combination of the economic crisis and the political situation, The loss of aristocratic privilege is the result of the interaction of structure and activity. It is worth noting that as the aristocrat transforms into a part of the new ruling group, the aristocratic privilege is in fact replaced by a new type of privilege.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D756.5

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 徐清宇;美國(guó)律師的地位和作用[J];河北法學(xué);1985年05期

2 本刊記者;;牛津?qū)W者看中國(guó)——專訪皇家牛津大學(xué)東西方戰(zhàn)略學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)易思[J];當(dāng)代世界;2010年11期

3 ;[J];;年期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 崔珊珊;1789年法國(guó)貴族喪失特權(quán)的原因探析[D];吉林大學(xué);2016年

2 張亞娜;19世紀(jì)法國(guó)貴族衰落的原因分析[D];華南師范大學(xué);2007年

，

本文編號(hào)：1609295