本文選題：城鎮(zhèn)　切入點：老年人　出處：《首都經濟貿易大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：進入21世紀后,我國人口老齡化發(fā)展迅速,北京市相較于其他地區(qū),形勢更為嚴重。人口老齡化是社會發(fā)展的必然產物,同時對經濟發(fā)展也帶來了一定的影響,主要表現有:使得老年人口撫養(yǎng)比上升,社會負擔加重;給現有的養(yǎng)老制度帶來巨大的沖擊,隨著老年人口數量的增長,會造成養(yǎng)老金支出的不斷增加,同時勞動年齡人口數量減少使得養(yǎng)老金的供給下降,使得國家投入增加,這都給養(yǎng)老制度帶來壓力;人口老齡化使得勞動年齡人口減少,會出現勞動力有效供給不足的現象。在社會發(fā)展中,人是最根本的要素,如果出現勞動力供給不足的現象,將會對經濟發(fā)展帶來巨大的消極影響。城鎮(zhèn)老年人相較于農村的老年人而言,從事勞動的時間不同,對于農村的老年人并沒有退休的觀念,在此處主要研究的為城鎮(zhèn)老年人口。老年人再就業(yè)是實現老有所為的主要手段,也是應對人口老齡化,在一定程度上解決勞動力短缺問題的主要途徑。隨著人口預期壽命和健康狀況的提升,越來越多的老年人希望在退休后還能夠通過再就業(yè)等方式獲得一定的經濟收入。現有的退休制度使得他們不得不過早的離開工作崗位。受教育水平越高,人們的工作時間越短,會造成人力資源的極大浪費,不利于解決社會負擔過重的問題。老年人在體力等方面不如年輕人,但在經驗、知識等方面的優(yōu)勢突出,要充分利用老年人的優(yōu)勢,實現老有所為。而且現有的多數研究表明老年人和年輕人就業(yè)之間不存在競爭替代關系,加上老年人有其獨特的人力資源和經驗資本等,在老齡化的背景下開發(fā)老年人資源,促進其就業(yè)顯得理所當然。本文主要以北京市第六次人口普查的數據為依據,綜合運用經濟學、管理學、社會學等方面研究現在老年人再就業(yè)存在的問題及對策。在考慮老年人再就業(yè)的問題時需要注意:哪些老年人較為適合再就業(yè);對老年人再就業(yè)應該提供哪些支持;老年人再就業(yè)尤其是城鎮(zhèn)老年人對社會經濟的影響。結合實際,提出促進老年人再就業(yè)的對策,應對人口老齡化問題,實現經濟的平穩(wěn)、可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:After entering twenty-first Century, the aging population of our country is developing rapidly, the city of Beijing compared to other regions, the situation is more serious. The aging of population is the inevitable result of social development, but also bring a certain impact on the economic development, the main manifestations are: the elderly dependency ratio of population increase, the social burden; huge the impact to the current pension system, with the number of elderly population growth, increasing will cause the pension expenditure, while the number of working age population due to reduced pension supply decreased, the national investment increased, which brings pressure to the pension system; population aging makes the reduction of the working age population, will appear the phenomenon of labor shortage of effective supply in social development, people are the most fundamental elements, if labor supply shortage, will bring huge negative impact on the economic development of the old town. People in rural areas compared to the elderly, engaged in the work of the time is different, and not the idea of retirement for the elderly people who are here mainly on the urban elderly population. The elderly re employment is the main means to achieve worthiness, but also to deal with the aging of the population, the main way to solve the labor shortage problem in a certain extent with the life expectancy and health promotion, more and more elderly people in the hope that after retirement can obtain certain economic income by way of re employment. The existing retirement system so that they had to leave work early. The higher the level of education, people's work time is short, great waste causes of human resources, is not conducive to solving the social burden. The elderly in the physical aspects as well as young people, but in the experience, knowledge and other aspects of the advantages, to Make full use of the advantages of the elderly, to achieve worthiness. And most studies show that there is no alternative to existing competition relationship between the elderly and young people employment, plus the elderly has its unique human resources and capital, develop the elderly resources under the background of aging, promote their employment. This paper is behoove in the sixth census data of Beijing city based on the comprehensive use of economics, management science, sociology and other aspects of the elderly now re employment problems and countermeasures. It should be noted in consideration of the elderlyre employment question: which is more suitable for the elderly and the elderly employment; re employment should offer support; the elderly re employment of urban elderly especially the impact on social economy. In combination with the actual situation, put forward some countermeasures to promote the re employment of the elderly, to deal with the problem of aging population, the realization of economic Stable and sustainable development.

【學位授予單位】：首都經濟貿易大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D669.6

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本文編號：1581524