本文選題：新時(shí)期　切入點(diǎn)：殘疾人　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：殘疾人問(wèn)題是不容忽視的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。目前,我國(guó)有八千多萬(wàn)殘疾人,他們因身體的殘障大都需要社會(huì)的救助。解決殘疾人的民生問(wèn)題,并讓他們公平參與社會(huì)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化生活,從而使殘疾人有尊嚴(yán)地生活。它集中體現(xiàn)了社會(huì)的公平正義和文明進(jìn)步,這是執(zhí)政黨和政府義不容辭的責(zé)任,也是全社會(huì)應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)。如何讓殘疾人有尊嚴(yán)地生活,如何讓殘疾人與普通人一起共享改革開(kāi)放的成果,這是不容忽視的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。因此,加強(qiáng)對(duì)殘疾人民生政策的研究,制定有針對(duì)性和符合中國(guó)實(shí)際的殘疾人民生政策就尤為迫切。中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨自執(zhí)政以來(lái)高度重視殘疾人民生問(wèn)題,尤其改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)的新時(shí)期針對(duì)殘疾人制定的民生政策,保證了中國(guó)殘疾人生存和發(fā)展?fàn)顩r的改善。其民生政策汲取了我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)慈善文化和“扶危濟(jì)困”的思想精華,繼承了馬克思主義維護(hù)弱勢(shì)群體利益的思想,也借鑒了國(guó)外人道主義和改善民生的理論。中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨依據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展目標(biāo)的“三步走戰(zhàn)略”,分別制定和實(shí)施了救濟(jì)供養(yǎng)型殘疾人民生政策,由溫飽向小康型殘疾人民生政策,小康型殘疾人民生政策。它們體現(xiàn)出了人道主義精神,與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和人民生活水平提高同步,以法律法規(guī)做保障,以計(jì)劃綱要做規(guī)劃,以殘聯(lián)組織做橋梁的中國(guó)特色。其積極作用表現(xiàn)在：首先保障了殘疾人的生存權(quán)益。一是提高了殘疾人的社會(huì)地位,二是促進(jìn)殘疾人生存狀況有了較大改善,三是推進(jìn)了社會(huì)保障基本覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)殘疾人；其次保障了殘疾人的發(fā)展權(quán)益。一是保證殘疾人受教育程度不斷提高,二是確保殘疾人就業(yè)穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng),三是促使殘疾人生活的社會(huì)環(huán)境有所改善,四是助推殘疾人康復(fù)狀況有所好轉(zhuǎn)。其不足是：政策制定與實(shí)施主體的兩重性, 政策“一刀切”缺乏針對(duì)性,未能關(guān)注城鄉(xiāng)殘疾人民生發(fā)展的不平衡性,一些改善殘疾人民生的政策落實(shí)效果甚微,政策的執(zhí)行還缺乏有效監(jiān)督和問(wèn)責(zé)機(jī)制。如何解決上述存在的問(wèn)題?筆者認(rèn)為：必須明確殘疾人民生政策實(shí)施的主體。一是厘清政府的主要職責(zé),二是政策制定與實(shí)施的主體必須統(tǒng)一,三是制定鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)公眾和社會(huì)組織參與公益活動(dòng)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)性政策；政策的制定要更加有針對(duì)性。一是政策的制定需要深入調(diào)查與充分論證做前提,二是需要針對(duì)殘疾人群體的差異性制定政策,三是需要針對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)差別制定更加惠及農(nóng)村殘疾人的民生政策；確保各項(xiàng)殘疾人民生政策的貫徹實(shí)施。一是落實(shí)政策要有布置有檢查,二是政策實(shí)施的結(jié)果要有科學(xué)評(píng)估,三是政策的實(shí)施還要有監(jiān)督與問(wèn)責(zé)。
[Abstract]:The issue of the disabled is a social problem that cannot be ignored. At present, there are more than 80 million disabled people in our country. Most of them need social assistance because of their physical handicaps. They can solve the livelihood problems of the disabled and allow them to participate equitably in social politics and economy. Cultural life, so that persons with disabilities can live in dignity. It embodies the fairness, justice and progress of civilization in society, which is the unshirkable responsibility of the ruling party and the government, and is also the duty of the whole society. How to enable the disabled to live in dignity, How to let the disabled and ordinary people share the fruits of reform and opening up is a social problem that can not be ignored. Therefore, we should strengthen the research on the livelihood policies of the disabled. It is particularly urgent to formulate a targeted and realistic policy on the livelihood of the disabled. The CPC has attached great importance to the livelihood of the disabled since it took office, especially in the new period since the reform and opening up to the outside world. It has ensured the improvement of the survival and development of the disabled in China. Its livelihood policy has absorbed the essence of our traditional charitable culture and "helping the needy" and inherited the idea of Marxism in safeguarding the interests of vulnerable groups. The Communist Party of China, in accordance with the "three-step strategy" of economic development goals, separately formulated and implemented a livelihood policy for the relief type of disabled people, from food and clothing to a policy on the livelihood of the disabled with little recreation. These policies reflect the spirit of humanitarianism, keep pace with economic development and the improvement of the people's standard of living, provide protection by laws and regulations, and make plans according to the outline of the plan. The active role of the disabled people's Federation as a bridge is as follows: firstly, the survival rights and interests of the disabled have been safeguarded. First, the social status of the disabled has been improved, and the second, the living conditions of the disabled have been greatly improved. Third, social security has basically covered the urban and rural disabled; secondly, the development rights and interests of the disabled have been safeguarded. One is to ensure that the education level of the disabled is constantly improved, and the other is to ensure a steady growth of employment for the disabled. The third is to improve the social environment for the disabled to live in, and the fourth is to promote the rehabilitation of the disabled. Its shortcomings are: the dual nature of the subject of policy formulation and implementation, and the lack of pertinence of the policy "one-size-fits-all". Fail to pay attention to the uneven development of urban and rural disabled people's livelihood, the implementation of some policies to improve the livelihood of persons with disabilities has little effect, the implementation of the policy is still lack of effective monitoring and accountability mechanisms. How to solve the above problems? The author believes that it is necessary to clarify the main body of the policy implementation of the people's livelihood of the disabled. One is to clarify the main responsibilities of the government, and the other is to unify the subject of policy formulation and implementation. Third, it is necessary to formulate incentive policies to encourage the public and social organizations to participate in public welfare activities; the formulation of policies should be more targeted. The second is the need to make policies according to the differences of the disabled groups, and the third is to formulate policies to benefit rural disabled people more in accordance with the differences between urban and rural areas. To ensure the implementation of various policies for the livelihood of the disabled. First, the implementation of the policy should have arrangements and inspections; second, the results of the implementation of the policy should be scientifically evaluated; and third, the implementation of the policy should be monitored and held accountable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D669.69;D63

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