本文選題：南京國民政府時期　切入點：鄉(xiāng)村治理　出處：《煙臺大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：鄉(xiāng)村是中國社會的根基,鄉(xiāng)村治理亦是鞏固中國社會穩(wěn)定的基礎(chǔ)。因此,采用何種治理模式,如何協(xié)調(diào)國家權(quán)力與鄉(xiāng)村自治的關(guān)系,是世世代代統(tǒng)治者要解決的問題。鴉片戰(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā)是中國半殖民地半封建社會的開端,但也打開了中國閉關(guān)多年的大門,使民主、人權(quán)等西方思想隨之而來。隨著鄉(xiāng)村治理新思潮的涌入以及社會政治體制的變革,中國延續(xù)兩千多年的傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村治理模式發(fā)生了嬗變。孫中山先生以直接民權(quán)、均權(quán)主義、革命程序論為主要內(nèi)容的縣自治理論,蔣介石“管教養(yǎng)衛(wèi)”的軍事治理理論,以歷史文化為基礎(chǔ)與以現(xiàn)代民主政治為基礎(chǔ)的鄉(xiāng)村治理理論,為南京國民政府的鄉(xiāng)村治理提供了理論依據(jù);鄉(xiāng)里制、保甲制的傳統(tǒng)治理方式,翟城村和山西村制,為南京國民政府的鄉(xiāng)村治理貢獻了制度淵源。有了制度和理論的鋪墊,南京國民政府從1928年起著手鄉(xiāng)村治理改革�？箲�(zhàn)前頒布的《縣組織法》,形成了鄉(xiāng)村各級自治組織的雛形,激起了民間鄉(xiāng)村自治實驗的展開;1934年起保甲制的實施,維護了鄉(xiāng)村治安,同時也加強了國家對鄉(xiāng)村的控制;1939年新縣制的建立,標(biāo)志著鄉(xiāng)村自治的終結(jié)和國家權(quán)力對鄉(xiāng)村治理完全控制的開始。南京國民政府的鄉(xiāng)村治理是傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村治理邁向現(xiàn)代鄉(xiāng)村治理的轉(zhuǎn)折階段,其中所面臨的問題與挑戰(zhàn),以及應(yīng)對的策略與方案,可為我國現(xiàn)代化鄉(xiāng)村治理體制的建設(shè)提供良好的啟示。
[Abstract]:Rural governance is the foundation of Chinese society, and rural governance is also the basis for consolidating social stability in China. Therefore, what kind of governance model should be adopted and how to coordinate the relationship between state power and rural autonomy, The outbreak of the Opium War was the beginning of a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in China, but it also opened the door of China's closed door for many years to democracy. With the influx of new trends of thought in rural governance and the transformation of social and political system, the traditional rural governance model of China, which lasted for more than 2,000 years, has changed. The theory of county autonomy based on the theory of revolutionary procedure, the theory of military governance by Jiang Jieshi, the theory of rural governance based on history and culture, and the theory of rural governance based on modern democratic politics. It provides the theoretical basis for the rural governance of the Nanjing National Government, the traditional governance methods of the township system, the Baojia system, the Zhai Cheng Village and the Shanxi Village system, which contribute to the institutional origin of the rural governance of the Nanjing National Government. The Nanjing National Government began to reform the rural governance from 1928. The Organic Law of the Counties promulgated before the War of Resistance against Japan formed the embryonic form of the autonomous organizations at all levels of the villages, and aroused the development of the experiment of rural autonomy among the people, and the implementation of the Baojia system in 1934. Maintaining security in rural areas and strengthening state control over villages. In 1939, the new county system was established. It marks the end of rural autonomy and the beginning of the complete control of state power over rural governance. The rural governance of Nanjing National Government is the turning point of traditional rural governance to modern rural governance, and the problems and challenges it faces. The corresponding strategies and schemes can provide good enlightenment for the construction of modern rural governance system in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：煙臺大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D693.62

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