本文關鍵詞： 地方分權 權力下放 府際關系 屬地原則 民主發(fā)展 法國　出處：《浙江大學》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本文以1982年地方分權改革與法國府際關系的變遷為研究對象,將之置于法國國家構建與政治治理變遷的發(fā)展脈絡中,在世界新公共管理運動的背景下,探討法國地方各級政府的結構與治理特征,分析地方分權改革對法國府際關系的影響。地方分權改革前法國中央集權的體制里包含諸多分權因素,這是社會黨崛起于地方得以進行地方分權的制度條件。地方組織機構與層級的多元阻礙中央對地方的垂直控制,多黨制與多元選舉體制在地方造就復雜的地方執(zhí)政網(wǎng)絡,多元思想理論形成對中央集權的沖擊,歐盟發(fā)展更是從外部消解著主權國家的權威。法國地方分權改革以政治分權、行政分權、職能分權、機構分權、法人分權、立法分權、政黨分權與社會分權的方式,從中央政府向地方政府、公務法人和社會轉移權力。保留國家駐地方機構的同時,法國在地方形成偏重“自治之責”的市鎮(zhèn)、“統(tǒng)治之責”的省級和“治理職責”的大區(qū)三級自治政府,存在市鎮(zhèn)聯(lián)合體等地域公務法人,文教、商業(yè)、行會等諸多公務法人,不同性質的參與主體構成法國地方治理網(wǎng)絡,地方分權改革前法國已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)分權化的特征。地方分權改革在分權的同時亦在收權,地方權力的實施被施加諸多限制,改革后府際關系依然受制于各種集權。國家和中央政府通過駐地方的國家代表確保政治統(tǒng)一,通過中央各部駐地方的職能部門確保行政一致,通過行政部門保留的立法權力確保立法統(tǒng)一,通過政黨政治把地方選舉納入全國選舉體系,通過大區(qū)計劃合同確保經(jīng)濟一致,通過剛性與柔性并舉的控制手段確保中央對地方的控制與影響力。法國的分權改革有其理論根基與制度框架。法國國家構建從民族國家、憲政國家到民主國家的發(fā)展,政府治理歷經(jīng)科層政府、合同政府和整體政府,前者作為法國地方改革的地基,后者作為改革得以進行的框架,使得法國地方分權改革更像是在房屋打好地基、搭建框架之后的內(nèi)部裝修,而不是徹底推翻重來。地基和框架作為法國政治和社會進行改革與發(fā)展默而不宣的存在,作為西方憲政國家共識性的存在,值得后發(fā)展國家在進行分權改革時借鑒與注意。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the reform of decentralization in 1982 and the change of the relationship between the French governments as the research object, puts it in the development context of the French national construction and the change of political governance, under the background of the new public management movement in the world. This paper probes into the structure and governance characteristics of local governments in France, and analyzes the influence of the reform of decentralization on the relations between French governments. Before the reform of decentralization, there were many factors of decentralization in the centralization system of France. This is the institutional condition for the rise of the Socialist Party in the local areas for decentralization. The pluralism of local organizations and levels hinders the central authorities' vertical control of the localities, and the multi-party system and the pluralistic electoral system create a complex local governance network in the local areas. The formation of pluralistic ideology and theory has an impact on the centralization of power, and the development of the European Union dispels the authority of the sovereign state from the outside. The reform of decentralization in France is based on political decentralization, administrative decentralization, functional decentralization, institutional decentralization, legal person decentralization and legislative decentralization. Decentralization of political parties and social decentralization, transfer of power from central to local governments, public legal persons and society... while retaining the local presence of the State, In France, cities and towns with a particular emphasis on the "responsibility of self-government", and three levels of autonomous governments at the provincial and regional levels with "responsibility of rule" and "responsibilities of governance" have been formed in France. There are regional public legal persons, such as commune consortia, cultural, educational, commercial, trade, trade, and so on, as well as many other public legal persons. Different nature of the participants constitute the French local governance network. Before the decentralization reform, France has shown the characteristics of decentralization. The decentralization reform is also in the process of reclaiming power, and the implementation of local power is restricted by many restrictions. After the reform, inter-governmental relations are still subject to various types of centralization. The State and the central government ensure political unity through the local representatives of the State, and the administrative coherence through the local functions of the central ministries. Ensuring legislative unity through legislative authority retained by the executive branch, integration of local elections into the national electoral system through party politics, and ensuring economic consistency through regional planning contracts, The reform of decentralization in France has its theoretical foundation and institutional framework. The French state is built from a nation-state, a constitutional state to a democratic state. Governance has gone through layers of government, contract governments, and overall governments, the former as the foundation of local reforms in France, and the latter as the framework within which the reforms were carried out, making the decentralization reforms in France more like laying foundations on houses. The interior decoration after the construction of the framework, rather than overthrowing it completely. The foundation and the framework as the tacit existence of the French political and social reform and development, as well as the existence of the consensus of the Western constitutional states, It is worth learning from and paying attention to the reform of decentralization in the later developing countries.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D756.5
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本文編號：1514766