發(fā)布時間：2018-01-29 16:14

  本文關鍵詞： 國際監(jiān)測系統(tǒng) 現(xiàn)場視察 條約籌備委員會　出處：《鄭州大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在認識到核武器帶來的災難性后果之后,為了實現(xiàn)有步驟地削減核武器進而徹底消除核武器的目標,全面禁止核試驗這一議題被提上日程。世界各國于1996年就《全面禁止核試驗條約》(Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty,以下簡稱《條約》)達成一致,它將核武器試驗爆炸及任何其他核爆炸擴大至全面禁止的程度,是里程碑式的、前所未有的國際合作的成果。目前《條約》已有183個簽署國,166個批準國,可見世界各國的履約意愿居高不下。然而受制于嚴格的生效條件,《條約》一直未發(fā)生法律效力。根據(jù)《條約》的規(guī)定,核查機制建立的目的是監(jiān)督各國的遵約狀況。一個獨立、有效的核查機制對于加快《條約》的生效進程意義重大,尤其是國際監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)場視察制度的作用不容忽視,而條約籌備委員會的設立則為核查機制的有效運行提供了組織和技術保障。在關注《條約》核查機制帶來的諸多突破性進展的同時,核查機制從制度設置到執(zhí)行遇到的諸多挑戰(zhàn)也應引起相應的重視,如缺乏強制執(zhí)行力、核大國濫用現(xiàn)場視察、新的業(yè)務挑戰(zhàn)等。目前中國在配合《條約》核查機制方面取得了階段性成果,從條約組織籌備委員會負責人對中國首個監(jiān)測臺站——蘭州臺站的高度評價便可見一斑。然而,受到美國等核大國模糊政策的影響,中國在國內批約問題上困難重重。如何在維護國家利益的前提下,繼續(xù)發(fā)揮在核查機制建設和運行領域的作用,加快《條約》的生效進程,成為擺在中國面前的一個重要議題之一。本文借助歷史分析法、文本分析法和比較分析法的方法來開展研究。首先從《條約》的基本內容引出核查機制,并與相關核不擴散國際協(xié)定進行了比較分析;其次對《條約》的核查機制框架下的國際監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)場視察制度進行分別研究,提出了各自在《條約》未生效的前提下存在的適用困難,并給出了相應的完善建議;再次對核查機制的組織機構籌備委員會進行研究,綜合分析了締約國大會、執(zhí)行理事會和技術秘書處各自在核查制度方面的規(guī)定,明確了組織未來的發(fā)展方向。最后,結合中國在配合《條約》核查制度方面的相關實踐,進一步分析了相關立場,以期提高其在完善《條約》核查機制領域、進而實現(xiàn)在《條約》生效目標的事務上提高國家話語權的目的。在核查機制從理論及實踐層面得到改善的前提下,“無核世界”的建立指日可待。
[Abstract]:In recognition of the disastrous consequences of nuclear weapons, the goal of the systematic reduction of nuclear weapons leading to their total elimination is achieved. The issue of a comprehensive nuclear test ban is on the agenda. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. The agreement reached by the Treaty to extend nuclear weapon test explosions and any other nuclear explosions to a total ban is a landmark. The achievement of unprecedented international cooperation. At present, the Treaty has 183 signatories and 166 ratifications, which shows that the willingness of the world countries to implement the treaty remains high. However, it is subject to strict conditions for entry into force. The Treaty has not been given legal effect. Under the Treaty, the verification mechanism was established to monitor the compliance of States... an independent. Effective verification mechanisms are important to accelerate the entry into force of the Treaty, particularly the role of the International Monitoring system and the on-site inspection system. The establishment of the Preparatory Committee of the Treaty provides organizational and technical support for the effective operation of the verification mechanism, while paying close attention to the many breakthroughs brought about by the verification mechanism of the Treaty. The challenges to verification mechanisms from regime setting to implementation should also be given due attention, such as the lack of enforcement power and the abuse of on-site inspections by nuclear Powers. New business challenges and so on. At present, China has achieved phased results in cooperating with the verification mechanism of the Treaty. The comments made by the head of the Preparatory Committee for the Treaty Organization on China's first monitoring station, Lanzhou Station, can be seen. However, it is affected by the vague policies of the United States and other nuclear powers. On the premise of safeguarding the national interests, China will continue to play its role in the construction and operation of the verification mechanism and speed up the process of entry into force of the Treaty. This paper uses the methods of historical analysis, text analysis and comparative analysis to carry out the research. Firstly, the verification mechanism is derived from the basic contents of the Treaty. A comparative analysis was made with relevant international agreements on nuclear non-proliferation; Secondly, the international monitoring system (IMS) and the on-site inspection system (OSI) under the verification mechanism of the Treaty are studied separately, and the difficulties of application under the premise of the non-entry into force of the Treaty are put forward. The corresponding suggestions are given. The Preparatory Committee for the Organization of the Verification Mechanism was again studied and the provisions of the Assembly of States parties, the Executive Council and the Technical Secretariat on the verification regime were analysed in a comprehensive manner. Finally, combined with the relevant practice of China in cooperating with the verification system of the Treaty, this paper further analyzes the relevant positions in order to improve the field of perfecting the verification mechanism of the Treaty. Thus, the purpose of enhancing the state's right of speech in the matter of the entry into force of the Treaty can be realized. On the premise of improving the verification mechanism in theory and practice, the establishment of a "nuclear-free world" is imminent.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D993.8;D815.2

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本文編號：1473810