本文關(guān)鍵詞： 美國(guó) 種族主義 文化種族主義 對(duì)華外交政策 應(yīng)對(duì)策略　出處：《燕山大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：美國(guó)人在政治精英和民眾中,都有根深蒂固的種族等級(jí)觀念,美國(guó)的種族主義文化背景不能不影響美國(guó)的對(duì)外政策。種族主義在美國(guó)的對(duì)外關(guān)系上,早期是為侵略擴(kuò)張和壓迫其他民族國(guó)家辯護(hù)的理論借口,在當(dāng)代則是推行全球霸權(quán)戰(zhàn)略的意識(shí)形態(tài)工具。在中美關(guān)系中,美國(guó)的對(duì)華外交政策也深受種族主義觀念的影響,在歷史上,美國(guó)早期的“黃禍論”論證排華政策的正當(dāng)性;在新中國(guó)成立后特別是改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),美國(guó)則基于文化種族主義的認(rèn)知,散布“中國(guó)威脅論”、“中國(guó)傲慢論”等,詆毀中國(guó)發(fā)展道路和中國(guó)發(fā)展模式的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),掩飾“西方文化中心主義”的傲慢和偏見(jiàn),遏制中國(guó)崛起的步伐。論文把種族主義作為影響美國(guó)涉華外交政策的重要因素,以美國(guó)種族主義的歷史變遷為依托,以歷史研究法為基本研究方法,輔以文獻(xiàn)研究的方法,論證了種族主義與美國(guó)涉華外交政策之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。首先,論文分析了美國(guó)的種族主義的歷史和文化背景。從種族主義的概念入手,論文對(duì)美國(guó)的種族主義的發(fā)展傳承、本質(zhì)及其對(duì)美國(guó)外交政策的影響做出了闡述。其次,論文闡述了美國(guó)對(duì)華外交政策背后的種族主義意識(shí)形態(tài)。論文指出,美國(guó)眼中的東方形象和中國(guó)形象具有固定的模式,如專制獨(dú)裁、不尊重人權(quán)等,美國(guó)又根據(jù)這些模式創(chuàng)造了“黃禍論”、“中國(guó)威脅論”、“中國(guó)傲慢論”等,這些言論背后隱藏著種族主義的偏見(jiàn),影響著美國(guó)的對(duì)華決策并服務(wù)于對(duì)華戰(zhàn)略。最后,論文認(rèn)為:種族主義在美國(guó)有著特定的文化根源,不易消除,而面對(duì)美國(guó)的種族主義給中國(guó)帶來(lái)的持續(xù)危害,中國(guó)需要不斷提升文化軟實(shí)力,并努力增強(qiáng)本國(guó)的國(guó)際話語(yǔ)權(quán)。
[Abstract]:Americans have deep-rooted racial hierarchy in both the political elite and the public. The racist cultural background of the United States cannot but affect the foreign policy of the United States. Racism is in the foreign relations of the United States. The early days were theoretical excuses to justify aggression, expansion and oppression of other nation-states, and in contemporary times they were ideological tools for pursuing the strategy of global hegemony. The American foreign policy toward China is also influenced by racist ideas. In history, the early "yellow peril" of the United States proved the legitimacy of the anti-China policy. After the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, the United States based on the knowledge of cultural racism, spread the "China threat", "China arrogance" and so on. Vilification of China's development path and successful experience of China's development model to disguise the arrogance and prejudice of "Western cultural centrism". The thesis regards racism as an important factor influencing the foreign policy of the United States concerning China, relying on the historical changes of American racism and taking the historical research method as the basic research method. With the method of literature research, this paper demonstrates the internal relationship between racism and American foreign policy concerning China. Firstly, the paper analyzes the historical and cultural background of racism in the United States, starting with the concept of racism. The thesis expounds the development and inheritance of racism in the United States, its essence and its influence on American foreign policy. Secondly, it expounds the racist ideology behind the foreign policy of the United States towards China. The images of the East and China in the eyes of the United States have fixed patterns, such as autocratic dictatorship, disrespect for human rights, and so on. According to these models, the United States has created the "yellow peril theory", "China threat theory", "China arrogance theory" and so on. Behind these remarks there is a racist bias, which influences the American policy toward China and serves the strategy of China. Finally, the paper argues that racism has a specific cultural origin in the United States and is difficult to eliminate. In the face of the continuing harm to China caused by racism in the United States, China needs to constantly enhance its cultural soft power and strive to enhance its international discourse power.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：燕山大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D822.371.2

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