本文關(guān)鍵詞： 農(nóng)村婦女 土地權(quán)益 場域　出處：《中共中央黨�！�2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：1978年,我國農(nóng)村開始推行家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制。三十多年來,這一舉措極大地促進(jìn)了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。隨著我國農(nóng)業(yè)體制的改革和城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)步伐加快,婦女已成為農(nóng)業(yè)勞動的主體。對于我國農(nóng)村婦女來說,土地是最基本的生產(chǎn)資料和最主要的生活保障,但是,農(nóng)村婦女的土地權(quán)益卻正遭受著嚴(yán)重的侵害。通過調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),農(nóng)村婦女土地權(quán)益受侵害的現(xiàn)象群體主要是:出嫁不出村婦女、上門女婿、離婚或喪偶婦女、農(nóng)嫁女的子女。權(quán)益受損的形式主要有:土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、宅基地使用分配權(quán)、征地補償款分配權(quán)、股份分紅權(quán)、村莊集體福利分配權(quán)和政治權(quán)利。農(nóng)村婦女土地權(quán)益呈現(xiàn)出特點有三:一是權(quán)益受損現(xiàn)實情況嚴(yán)重,呈現(xiàn)“一村一策”特點;二是權(quán)益受損原因復(fù)雜,呈現(xiàn)相對集中特點;三是維權(quán)意愿強烈,維權(quán)方式呈現(xiàn)多樣性回溯歷史,我們可以從三個階段了解農(nóng)村婦女土地財產(chǎn)權(quán)的擁有情況:中國農(nóng)耕社會、民國時期、新中國成立后。從場域理論出發(fā),我們可以從以下幾個角度分析農(nóng)村婦女土地權(quán)益受侵害的原因:將兩個不同的權(quán)力群體看作農(nóng)村場域的權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu);將“家庭父權(quán)制”的規(guī)則看作農(nóng)村場域的慣習(xí);將集體成員資格看作農(nóng)村場域的邊界;將村規(guī)民約看作農(nóng)村場域的規(guī)則;將法律政策看作農(nóng)村場域的外部權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)。因此,我們可以從場域的這幾個要素出發(fā),尋求解決農(nóng)村婦女土地權(quán)益問題的方法:從平衡場域內(nèi)權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)入手,合理調(diào)整農(nóng)村權(quán)力群體;從調(diào)整慣習(xí)入手,改變傳統(tǒng)的觀念和風(fēng)俗;從劃定場域邊界入手,依法界定村民的集體成員資格;從引導(dǎo)場域規(guī)則合法化入手,依法制定村規(guī)民約;從外部權(quán)力入手,筑牢法律防線。
[Abstract]:In 1978, the household contract responsibility system began to be implemented in the rural areas of our country. Over the past 30 years, this measure has greatly promoted agricultural production. With the reform of the agricultural system and the acceleration of the pace of urbanization construction in our country. Women have become the main body of agricultural labor. For rural women in China, land is the most basic means of production and the most important living security, but. Rural women's land rights and interests are being seriously violated. Through the investigation found that rural women's land rights and interests of the phenomenon groups are: unable to marry out of the village women, home son-in-law, divorce or widowed women. The main forms of rights and interests damage are: the right of land contract management, the right to use and distribute the homestead, the right to distribute the compensation for expropriation, and the right to share in shares. There are three characteristics of rural women's land rights and interests: first, the real situation of rights and interests being damaged is serious, showing the characteristics of "one village, one policy"; Second, the reasons for the damage of rights and interests are complex, showing a relatively concentrated feature; The third is the strong will to safeguard rights, the way of rights protection presents a variety of retrospective history, we can learn from the three stages of rural women's ownership of land property rights: China's agricultural society, the Republic of China period. After the founding of New China, from the field theory, we can analyze the causes of the violation of rural women's land rights from the following angles: to regard two different power groups as the power structure of the rural field; The rule of "family patriarchy" is regarded as the habit of rural field; The collective membership is regarded as the boundary of the rural field; The village rules and regulations are regarded as the rules of the rural field; Regard the law and policy as the external power structure of the rural field. Therefore, we can start from the field of these elements, to find a solution to the problem of rural women's land rights and interests: from the balance of the power structure in the field. Reasonable adjustment of rural power groups; To change the traditional concepts and customs by adjusting the habit; Starting with the demarcation of the field boundary, the collective membership of the villagers is defined according to the law; Starting with the legalization of field rules, the village rules and regulations should be formulated according to law. Starting with external power, we should build a solid legal defense line.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.8;D669.68;F321.1

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