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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：試論跨國公司的倫理問題，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

試論跨國公司的倫理問題

     2009-7-19 10:53:27     來源：     

　　論文標題試論跨國公司的倫理問題
Try on the Problem of Multinational Company Ethics
論文作者竇莉梅
論文導師高靜文,論文學位碩士,論文專業(yè)馬克思主義哲學
論文單位新疆大學,點擊次數(shù)0,論文頁數(shù)90頁File Size446k
2004-04-20跨國公司倫理;跨國公司倫理沖突;建構(gòu)跨國公司倫理
multinational company ethics;confliction of multinational company ethics;construction of multinational company ethics
跨國公司作為經(jīng)濟全球化的主要經(jīng)濟載體，在很大程度上改變了人類社會的生產(chǎn)和生活方式，日益成為世界經(jīng)濟命脈的掌握者。作為一個開放的、大力發(fā)展經(jīng)濟的中國，渴望跨國公司能帶來先進的科學技術(shù)和管理理念。但是，有的跨國公司在資金、技術(shù)、人力資源及生態(tài)環(huán)境等方面并沒有給東道國帶來預期的發(fā)展，相反卻加劇了東道國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的依賴性和生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞。本文運用理論與實踐相結(jié)合的方法，由具體到抽象對比分析了跨國公司倫理的特點、沖突及其原因，試圖在法律和國際規(guī)則等背景機制尚不健全的情況下，建構(gòu)一個能代表雙方經(jīng)濟利益和價值觀的倫理規(guī)范體系，從而為跨國公司在我國順利經(jīng)營、實現(xiàn)雙方的預期經(jīng)濟利益和社會利益提供理論和實踐的指導。本論文分三章。第一章主要論述跨國公司倫理的本質(zhì)和特征�？鐕緜惱硎顷P(guān)于跨國公司道德的本質(zhì)、特征及其規(guī)范的理論體系，是調(diào)節(jié)跨國公司關(guān)系的道德準則�？鐕緜惱戆芽鐕九c東道國的利益與倫理結(jié)合起來，形成指導跨國公司行<WP=3>為的基本規(guī)范�？鐕緜惱淼谋举|(zhì)是由市場經(jīng)濟決定的，而不是一個簡單的超越任何經(jīng)濟體制和意識形態(tài)的合并同類項�？鐕咀裱袌鼋�(jīng)濟規(guī)律，也就必然遵守市場經(jīng)濟制度中蘊涵的道德要求，因為跨國公司的倫理定向只有借助于市場和一定的秩序才能導入企業(yè)。市場經(jīng)濟既為跨國公司在東道國經(jīng)營提供了可能性和條件，又決定了跨國公司倫理的本質(zhì)。與企業(yè)倫理、各國倫理和全球倫理不同，跨國公司倫理的特點是：（一）跨國公司倫理是企業(yè)倫理的一個特殊而重要的內(nèi)容，它體現(xiàn)跨國公司原籍國和東道國的企業(yè)倫理。（二）跨國公司倫理以各國倫理為基礎(chǔ)，體現(xiàn)了原籍國和東道國的國家倫理和價值觀，，同時跨國公司具有對自身和東道國的雙向倫理責任。（三）跨國公司倫理具有實踐性、主體性、相對性，更強調(diào)微觀倫理價值。其實質(zhì)是經(jīng)濟倫理，以跨國公司的經(jīng)濟利益為首要目的，因此具有很強的實踐性�？鐕咀陨硎瞧鋫惱碡熑蔚某袚�，更強調(diào)一種微觀的倫理價值。第二章論述我國跨國公司倫理的沖突及其原因。從道德原則分析，中國的集體主義與西方的個人主義相沖突；從道德規(guī)范分析，中國追求“重義輕利”與西方的“重利輕義”相沖突 。中國的“義”成為最基本的價值取向和最高行為<WP=4>準則，西方社會強調(diào)個人“利”的獲得；從道德觀念分析，中西方的幸福觀、榮譽觀和公正觀有很大的沖突。中國人以自我犧牲為前提使他人或整體獲得幸福為幸福。西方的幸福觀則以不損害個人的幸福為前提。中國人的榮譽總是與履行社會義務(wù)相一致,西方的榮譽觀是以財富和特權(quán)為基礎(chǔ)的。在公正觀上，以跨國公司對員工同工不同酬的矛盾為主。之所以產(chǎn)生這些沖突的原因在于：中西方意識形態(tài)的差異、思維模式的差異、傳統(tǒng)文化的差異、人際關(guān)系的差異和人格觀念的差異。中西方不同思維模式是跨國公司各種沖突的主要根源，中國傳統(tǒng)文化與西方傳統(tǒng)文化的沖突是跨國公司倫理沖突的主要原因，并導致了雙方人際關(guān)系和人格觀念的差異。每一種差異都在更深層次上體現(xiàn)出了跨國公司與其利益相關(guān)者的沖突，對諸多矛盾的分析為建構(gòu)我國跨公司統(tǒng)一的倫理奠定基礎(chǔ)。第三章是論文的重點。本章旨在建立適合中國的跨國公司的倫理規(guī)范。首先論述建構(gòu)我國跨國公司倫理的必然性是：經(jīng)濟全球化的客觀要求，市場經(jīng)濟的必然要求，跨國公司自身發(fā)展的內(nèi)在要求。經(jīng)濟全球化要求跨國公司在多元文化的背景中去尋求一種共同的倫理規(guī)范；市場經(jīng)濟要求跨國公司必須按照市場規(guī)則合乎倫理地進入市場，要求跨國公司<WP=5>各方都應(yīng)當遵守等價交換、平等互利的道德規(guī)范；樹立公平競爭、誠信經(jīng)營的道德觀念�？鐕咀陨淼陌l(fā)展要求各方面?zhèn)惱頉_突的同一，作為外在社會規(guī)范性的各國不同的道德要逐步轉(zhuǎn)化為跨國公司統(tǒng)一的道德。然后論述西方跨國公司倫理模式。其建構(gòu)的依據(jù)、主要的倫理觀和基本準則對建構(gòu)我國跨國公司倫理有很大的借鑒意義。目的論、義務(wù)論和綜合契約論是西方跨國公司倫理建構(gòu)的主要依據(jù)。目的論使得跨國公司倫理在評價行為后果時，完全取決于它是否帶來最佳結(jié)果或最大的共同幸福�？鐕驹谧畛醢l(fā)展的時候，大多采用這一方法。組織和個體的唯一目的是為母國和總公司獲取利益。然而，在公平作為市場經(jīng)濟的首要條件下，以不擇手段地完全犧牲他人的利益來達到自己的目的的行為必然不會為任何一方接受；義務(wù)論認為正當?shù)男袨榕c產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果無關(guān)。行為的道德價值只有在行為人的意圖和實現(xiàn)這個意圖的勇氣之中才能發(fā)現(xiàn)。一個超越一切的絕對道德原則在跨國公司的經(jīng)濟生活中只是一個理想，但是它為跨國公司建構(gòu)倫理規(guī)范提供了另一種思路；綜合契約論以“超規(guī)范”、“真實倫理規(guī)范”、“道德自由空間”三個概念構(gòu)成一個在全球經(jīng)濟交往中假設(shè)存在的一種廣義契約。綜合契約論的哲學基礎(chǔ)是一種多元論和不可知論。它的理論框架是要在一個日益國<WP=6>際化的經(jīng)濟環(huán)境中闡述倫理問題，試圖在地方性倫理與普遍的倫理標準之間進行調(diào)和。綜合契約論將宏觀契約和微觀契約，理想與現(xiàn)存相結(jié)合，讓“應(yīng)然”與“實然”處于共生的和諧之中。微觀契約彌補了宏觀契約不明確東西，為
As a main economy media of economy globalization, multinational company has changed the way of social production and living to a great extent, and it is becoming a holder of world economic artery. China, an opening and economy developing country, is longing for advanced idea of management and science and technology which the multinational company will bring about. As a matter of fact, some multinational companies enhanced the dependence of economy development and the ruin of ecological environment in host country rather than the expected development which the host country has desired for foreign investment, technology, human resource and ecological environment. The thesis applies the philosophic method of theory and practice combination, from concrete to abstract, analyzes in contrast the characteristics, confliction and its cause of multinational company ethics, aims to reconstruct an ethic norms system which can reflect their different economy benefits and values, provides the guide for smooth management of multinational company in theory and practice in order to realize benefits and social benefits for two parts. This thesis is divided into three chapters. <WP=10>Chapter one discusses the essence and characteristics of multinational company ethics. Multinational company ethics refers to a theory system of moral essence, characteristics and its norms on multinational company. It combines benefits and ethics of multinational company and host country, and forms basic moral norms to regulate the relationship of multinational company and to direct it’s behavior. The essence of multinational company is decided by market economy instead of a simple merging like term which surpasses any economy system and consciousness appearance. Multinational company follows the laws of market economy, so follows the moral requests which market economy own，because the direction of ethics will be lead into an enterprise only by means of market and a certain order. Market not only provides possibilities and condition for the management of multinational company, but also decides the essence of multinational company. Different from enterprise ethics, nation ethics and world ethics, the characteristics of multinational company ethics are: (Ⅰ) multinational company ethics is a special and important part of enterprise ethics which embodies enterprise ethics of original country and host country; (Ⅱ) multinational company ethics is based on different nation ethics which embodies different nation ethics of original country and host country, and undertakes ethic duty for two parts; (Ⅲ) multinational company ethics is of the <WP=11>kind of practice, ,implement and relativity, furthermore, it emphasizes on micro ethic values.Chapter two discusses the confliction and its cause of multinational company in China. On moral principle, the collectivism in China is in confliction with individualism in western society; On moral norms, the western are opposite to Chinese who seek for morals but despises benefits. Morals are the most basic direction of values and the highest behavior principles in China, compared with it, the western society emphasizes to gain individual benefits; On moral idea, there is much confliction between the view of happiness , the view of honor and the view of fair. Chinese take the happiness of others or collectives as his own, but the western view of happiness is that others should not damage his own happiness. The honor of Chinese is always in accordance with practicing social duty, but the westerns’ is based on wealth and privilege; the employees cannot get the same awards with the same labor on the view of honor. The reason that creates these confliction is as follows: the difference between consciousness appearance, the difference between mode of thinking, the difference between traditional culture, the difference between social interaction and the difference between personnel idea, which all happen between China and western countries. The difference between mode of thinking is the original cause. The conflictio

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：試論跨國公司的倫理問題，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

本文編號：51077